Whether caffeine consumption during pregnancy represents a fetal hazard remains uncertain. The authors report on a large prospective study designed to examine this question. In 1996-2000, 2,291 mothers with singleton livebirths in Connecticut and Massachusetts were evaluated after their first prenatal visit and were questioned about caffeine consumption and important confounding factors. Urine ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of 2 anticipatory guidance styles (maternal focused [MOMS] and infant focused [Ounce of Prevention]) directed at mothers of infants aged newborn to 6 months on their infant feeding behaviors at 1 year compared with routine advice as outlined in Bright Futures (BF). METHODS This is a cluster randomized trial. A total of 292 mother/infant dyads were enrolled at ...

cause, e.g., hookworm, by chenopodium, I have tested the value of massive doses of certain iron preparations for the intractable anaemia in some of these cases during the past few months, with marked success. Conditions that normally linger on for weeks may be improved to a couple of weeks. The preparations that have been found to be of real value are:? Liquor ferri dialysatus, the ordinary dos...

Atrazine, an herbicide used on most of the US corn (maize) crop, is the subject of ongoing controversy, with increasing documentation of its potentially harmful health and environmental impacts. Supporters of atrazine often claim that it is of great value to farmers; most recently, Syngenta, the producer of atrazine, sponsored an "Atrazine Benefits Team" (ABT) of researchers who released a set ...

Framing effects are well established: Listeners' preferences depend on how outcomes are described to them, or framed. Less well understood is what determines how speakers choose frames. Two experiments revealed that reference points systematically influenced speakers' choices between logically equivalent frames. For example, speakers tended to describe a 4-ounce cup filled to the 2-ounce line a...

BACKGROUND Childhood obesity prevalence remains high in the U.S., especially among racial/ethnic minorities and low-income populations. Federal policy is important in improving public health given its broad reach. Information is needed about federal policies that could reduce childhood obesity rates and by how much. PURPOSE To estimate the impact of three federal policies on childhood obesity...

IMPORTANCE Sunscreen use is a modifiable behavior that can help reduce the risk for skin cancer, prevent sunburns, mitigate photoaging, and treat photosensitive dermatoses. A better understanding of consumer sunscreen preferences would inform dermatologists in their own recommendations. OBJECTIVE To determine the characteristics and the most commonly cited positive and negative features of hi...

Vitexin, the main flavonoid was extracted from leaves of Combretum micranthum in soxhlet with ethanol. The extract evaporated to dryness and retrieved thanks hot water. That liquid went through a degreasing again butanol. butanolic dissolved methanol, which vitexin precipitated after washing recrystallisation first obtained precipitate. From 500g dry kinkeliba leaves, series manipulations led i...