As in osmoregulation, mineralocorticoid signaling is implicated in the control of brain-behavior actions. Nevertheless, the understanding of this role is limited, partly due to the mortality of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-knockout (KO) mice due to impaired Na+ reabsorption. In teleost fish, a distinct mineralocorticoid system has only been identified recently. Here, we generated a constitut...

Expression of the Escherichia coli OmpC and OmpF outer membrane proteins is regulated by the osmolarity of the culture media. In contrast, expression of OmpC in Salmonella typhi is not influenced by osmolarity, while OmpF is regulated as in E. coli. To better understand the lack of osmoregulation of OmpC expression in S. typhi, we compared the expression of the ompC gene in S. typhi and E. coli...

Although acute decreases in plasma volume are known to enhance the osmotically induced arginine vasopressin (AVP) release, it is unclear whether there is also such interaction at the level of gene transcription. It also remains to be established how sustained changes in plasma volume affect the osmoregulation. In this study, we examined how acute and chronic decreases in blood volume affected t...

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is associated with a urine-concentrating defect attributed to renal cystic changes. As PKD genes are expressed in the brain, altered central release of arginine vasopressin could also play a role. In order to help determine this we measured central and nephrogenic components of osmoregulation in 10 adults and 10 children with ADPKD, all with ...

Expression of the staphylococcal enterotoxin type C gene (sec) is regulated in response to both high NaCl concentrations (osmolarity) and the accessory gene regulator (agr). agr is a global regulator that alters the expression of many genes in Staphylococcus aureus. In this report, we have demonstrated that osmoregulation of sec occurs at the level of mRNA independently of an intact agr allele....

This article provides a broad review of osmoregulation in elasmobranchs for non-specialists, focusing on recent advances. Marine and euryhaline elasmobranchs in seawater regulate urea and other body fluid solutes (trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), Naþ, Cl ) such that they remain hyper-osmotic to their environment. Salt secretions of the rectal gland and excretions in the urine compensate for continu...