Background: An oscillating bone saw is rarely used to perform laminectomy. The purpose of this study was to describea relatively quick and harmless technique for multilevel laminectomy in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) usingan oscillating bone saw to find out how this instrument affects the time of surgery and rate of complications.Methods: This prospective study w...

A number of biological systems can be modelled by Markov chains. Recently, there has been an increasing concern about when biological systems modelled by Markov chains will perform a dynamic phenomenon called overshoot. In this study, the authors found that the steady-state behaviour of the system will have a great effect on the occurrence of overshoot. They showed that overshoot in general can...

Notes by ChangHoon Lim 1. Warburg impedance for semi-infinite oscillating diffusion Warburg (Ann. Physik. 1899) is credited with the first solution to the diffusion equation with oscillating concentration at the boundary, which is related to the diffusional (or mass transfer) impedance of electrochemical systems. An interesting point made in the first part of the class is that the very same mat...

For many natural and engineered systems, a central function or design goal is the synchronization of one or more rhythmic or oscillating processes to an external forcing signal, which may be periodic on a different time-scale from the actuated process. Such subharmonic synchrony, which is dynamically established when N control cycles occur for everyM cycles of a forced oscillator, is referred t...

Linear differential equations are ubiquitous in science and engineering. Quantum computers can simulate quantum systems, which are described by homogeneous linear differential equations that produce only oscillating terms. Here we extend quantum simulation algorithms to general inhomogeneous linear differential equations, which can include exponential terms as well as oscillating terms in their...

The operation of linear oscillating system is complicated, involving system nonlinearities of both actuator and load, and variations of driving frequency in order to track the mechanical resonance. In this paper, both analytical and state-variable modeling techniques are used to investigate the influence of actuator parameters, such as back-emf/thrust force coefficient and cogging force, on the...

Bartussek, Hänggi and Kissner studied a rocking ratchet system, in which a Brownian particle is subject to an asymmetric periodic potential together with an oscillating force, and found that the direction of the macroscopic current can be reversed by changing the parameter values characterizing the model [Europhys. Lett., 28 (1994) 459]. In this letter, we apply their ratchet theory to a rotary...