anguage assessment literacy (LAL), mainly defined as knowledge and skills of language assessment, in the last two decades, has started to receive the attention it deserves. As one of the significant findings, based on a plethora of research, many second language (L2) teachers have been indicated to be professionally incompetent in terms of LAL. To investigate the status of LAL among Ira...

a foreign language teaching method is supposed to take into account the real communicative needs of the foreign language learner. using literary texts is a suitable way not only to teach a foreign language but to consider particular facts that relate to human and cultural needs of learners. using the humanistic-oriented literary texts as an authentic document in the foreign language course allo...

The use of object-oriented techniques and concepts, like encapsulation and inheritance, greatly improves language specifications towards better modularity, reusability and extensibility. Additional improvements can be achieved with aspect-oriented techniques since semantic aspects also crosscut many language constructs. Indeed, aspect-oriented constructs have been already added to some language...

The problem of study dealt with two aspects of children's language knowledge and Children's uses of pictures and objects when demonstrating . 4 their language skills. Forty-eight 4-and 5-year-olds wee, randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups, matched for SES, sex, and age. Subjects were individually tested with one of the four measures: language comprehension using objeCt stimuli; com...

This article explores how teachers’ professional learning about the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) can re-orient their reported teaching practices to meet learner-identified sociolinguistic needs. To this end, first examines learners’ needs by exploring extent which post-secondary French-as-a-second-language (FSL) learners, who completed elementary and secondary schooling in Onta...

After moving away from the psychometric and the integrative language testing paradigms toward the communicative language testing paradigm, experts in writing and assessment have been concerned with creating conditions under which learners can experience and display writing in an authentic way so that their writings will tally the ones in non-test situations. As an alternative assessment option,...