We present Top-kriging, or topological kriging, as a method for estimating streamflow-related variables in ungauged catchments. It takes both the area and the nested nature of catchments into account. The main appeal of the method is that it is a best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) adapted for the case of stream networks without any additional assumptions. The concept is built on the work of ...

background : noise pollution and workers' noise exposure are common in industrial factories in iran. in order to reduce this noise pollution, evaluation and investigation of noise emission are both necessary. in this study, different noise mapping methodsare used for determining the distribution of noise.   materials and methods : in the present study, for preparing a noise map in a hall o...

Kriging is an advanced geostatistical procedure that generates an estimated surface or 3D model from a scattered set of points. This method can be used for estimating resources using a grid of sampled boreholes. However, conventional ordinary kriging (OK) is unable to take locally varying anisotropy (LVA) into account. A numerical approach has been presented that generates an LVA field by calcu...

spatiality assessment of groundwater pollution is very important to determine water quality condition, pollution sources and management decisions. in this case, gis and geostatistics methods can be useful tools. spatiality of groundwater quality parameters, in relation with various land uses, can be very extremely. therefore water samples from 52 wells in the kurdan area were analyzed in this s...

The generation of meteorological surfaces from point-source data is a difficult but necessary step required for modeling ecological and hydrological processes across landscapes. To date, procedures to acquire, transform, and display meteorological information geographically have been specifically tailored to individual studies. Here we offer a flexible, integrated system that employs a relation...