Nonphotosynthetic cells of higher plants depend on the supply of a carbon substrate, usually sucrose, for cellular metabolism. Typically this sucrose is synthesized in leaves from the products of photosynthesis. Because of the lack of light below ground, roots do not generally photosynthesize (we note the exception of certain mangrove species and members of the Orchidaceae), although many roots...

Context Giving up photosynthetic function is a bold evolutionary step for plant, yet the transition from autotrophy to mycoheterotrophy has occurred dozens of times. Comparing plastome sequences mycoheterotrophs and autotrophs identified recurring patterns gene loss throughout range land plants, though more comparisons are required see how broadly these apply across diversity terrestrial plants...

We report the first occurrence of Encyclia gonzalezii L.C. Menezes (Orchidaceae) from state Maranhão and Northeast Region Brazil. The species was collected in Cerrado domain Estreito, Maranhão. present a map collection site, morphological description, photographs, ecological comments, provisional conservation assessment, an identification key for

Herminium (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae) is a medium-sized genus widespread in the northern hemisphere, with a clear centre of diversity in the Himalayas. We present a comprehensive taxonomic revision of Herminium based on field observations and morphological studies, for which we examined about 2500 specimens. We recognize 49 species grouped into six formal sections, including one new species, He...

Introduction. – Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. f. (Orchidaceae) is mainly distributed in East Asia, and its tubers are used as a Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis and haemorrhage of the stomach or lung [1]. Previous phytochemical studies on Bletilla species have led to the isolation of phenanthrene derivatives [2 – 11], bibenzyls [2] [4], flavonoids and phenolic ...

SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) encodes a MADS-box protein that plays an essential role in integrating multiple flowering signals to regulate the transition from vegetative to reproductive development in the model plant Arabidopsis. Although SOC1-like genes have been isolated in various angiosperms, its orthologs in Orchidaceae, one of the largest families of flowering plants, ...

We investigated the identity and genetic diversity of more than 100 isolates belonging to Phyllosticta (teleomorph Guignardia), with particular emphasis on Phyllosticta citricarpa and Guignardia mangiferae s.l. occurring on Citrus. Phyllosticta citricarpa is the causal agent of Citrus Black Spot and is subject to phytosanitary legislation in the EU. This species is frequently confused with a ta...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Molecular evidence indicates that the Neotropical sub-tribe Zygopetalinae is sister to Maxillariinae. Most members of the latter sub-tribe have deceit pollination strategies, but some species produce rewards such as nectar, pseudopollen, resin and wax, and are pollinated by a range of pollinators that include stingless bees (Meliponini), wasps and hummingbirds. By contrast, ...