Current treatment for type I diabetes includes delivery of insulin via injection or pump, which is highly invasive and expensive. The production of chloroplast-derived proinsulin should reduce cost and facilitate oral delivery. Therefore, tobacco and lettuce chloroplasts were transformed with the cholera toxin B subunit fused with human proinsulin (A, B, C peptides) containing three furin cleav...

The discovery of insulin in 1922 marked the beginning of research and development to improve the means of delivering protein therapeutics to patients. From that period forward, investigators have contemplated every possible route of delivery. Their research efforts have followed two basic pathways: one path has focused on non-invasive means of delivering proteins to the body; and the second pat...

Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) delivery systems have a wide applicability in the delivery of phyto-bioactive compounds to treat various chronic diseases, including diabetes, cancer, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. The multiple benefits of SLN delivery include improved stability, smaller particle size, leaching prevention and enhanced lymphatic uptake of the bioactive compounds through o...

Plant polyphenol compounds have been considered nutritionally important recently. However, achieving successful delivery of flavonoids and phytoestrogens via the oral route is particularly difficult, due to the formiable enzymatic and transport barriers in the gastrointestinal tract. Polymer-based delivery systems that trap molecules of interest within networks have been develpoed extensively f...

Hydrogels are the three-dimensional hydrophilic network which is crosslinked physically or chemically. also called as gels because they absorb considerate amount of water. The characteristic properties hydrogels swelling, mechanical properties, biodegradable, elasticity, biocompatible, easy to modify, flexibility, etc. They classified based on source, polymeric composition, biodegradability, co...