OBJECTIVE The E23K variant in the Kir6.2 subunit of the ATP-sensitive K(+) channel (K(ATP) channel) is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The present study was undertaken to increase our understanding of the mechanisms responsible. To avoid confounding effects of hyperglycemia, insulin secretion and action were studied in subjects with the variant who had normal glucose toleranc...

background: defects in endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis are common occurrences in different diseases, such as diabetes, in which the function of endoplasmic reticulum is disrupted. it is now well established that ion channels of endoplasmic reticulum membrane have a critical role in endoplasmic reticulum luminal homeostasis. our previous studies showed the presence of an atp-sensitive cationic...

HNS-32, an azulene-1-carboxamidine derivative, is an originally synthesized antiarrhythmic compound. Its cardiovascular effects after oral administration (1-10 mg/kg) were assessed using the pentobarbital-anesthetized in vivo rat model in comparison with those of verapamil (3 mg/kg, p.o.). Verapamil decreased the heart rate and mean blood pressure and prolonged the PR interval without changing ...

Amlodipine is a long-acting calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. S-(−)-amlodipine besylate is a safer and longer-acting alternative to the existing racemate [1]. Although several products based on the active enantiomer have reached the market, information on its chemical, physical and thermal stability during storage is lacking [2, 3]. The objective...

oral health problems, among the most prevalent comorbidities related to addiction, require more attention by both clinicians and policy-makers. our aims were to review oral complications associated with drugs, oral health care in addiction rehabilitation, health services available, and barriers against oral health promotion among addicts. drug abuse is associated with serious oral health proble...

background: qat (also known as khat , kat and miraa ) is a green-leaved plant ( catha edulis ). it is a shrub indigenous to yemen and certain parts of eastern africa. chewing the leaves, which have sympathomimetic and euphoric effects, has been documented in many countries and increased with worldwide migration. the effect of long-term chewing qat on the oral cavity is unknown. objective: a sys...

In a subset of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), high doses of oral calcium-channel blockers (CCB) produce a sustained clinical and haemodynamic improvement. However, significant sideeffects have been reported during acute testing with CCB. Therefore, to identify accurately patients who may benefit from long-term CCB therapy, there is a need for a safe, potent and short-acting...

in wireless channel the noise has a zero mean. this channel property can be used in the enhancement of the noise performance in the digital receivers by oversampling the received signal and calculating the decision variable based on the time average of more than one sample of the received signal. the averaging process will reduce the effect of the noise in the decision variable that will approa...

This study seeks to examine how a company can select the best intermediary for its Marketing channels with minimum of criteria and time. A theoretical framework is proposed based on the most important tasks of intermediary and the criteria to measure them. There are four basic tasks and thirty criteria in three independent levels. Subsequently, an exploratory case study in Iranian Food industry...