This paper aims at obtaining the optimum number of states for a hidden Markov manpower model, which, hitherto, has been chosen arbitrarily. A search procedure that attains this after few steps across series N models is proposed. The likelihood ratio statistic employed to conduct pairwise model comparison tests on ordered according their level parsimony. illustration shows usefulness in choosing...

We analytically obtain the exact fundamental limit of 4-level amplitude shifted keying formats (4ASK) with direct detection optically preamplified receivers. The optimum multilevel spacing and the corresponding decision thresholds, which depend both on the signal to noise ratio and optical bandwidth, are obtained numerically considering the Chi-squared distribution of each level. The quantum li...

This manuscript deals with the estimation of population mean of the variable under study using an improved ratio type estimator utilizing the known values of median and coefficient of variation of auxiliary variable. The expressions for the bias and mean square error (MSE) of the proposed estimator are obtained up to the first order of approximation. The optimum estimator is also obtained for t...

The windowed Fourier transform of a time signal is considered, as well as a way to reconstruct the signal from a su ciently densely sampled version of its windowed Fourier transform using a Gabor representation; followingGabor, sampling occurs on a two-dimensional time-frequency lattice with equidistant time intervals and equidistant frequency intervals. In the limit of innitely dense sampling,...

The present study focused to isolate the different fungi species from contaminated soil samples of textile industry wastewater, located in Kanchipuram. The experiments were conducted against the effect of pH, fungi biomass and different concentration (different dilution ratio) to know the effectiveness of fungi for removing colour from textile industry wastewater. The results showed that the or...

We have calculated the heat current in the normal metal/insulator/ supercon-ductor contacts with arbitrary transparency of the insulator barrier. In the tunneling limit (small transparencies), the heat flow out of the normal metal reaches its maximum at temperature T ≃ 0.3∆. At higher values of transparency , the interplay between single-particle tunneling and Andreev reflection determines opti...

The main purpose of designing multi-stage erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) is to achieve higher gain and lower noise figure for long haul optical communication. Among the multi-stage EDFAs, triple pass EDFAs were chosen in this research. This paper presents all possible triple pass EDFA configurations. The well-established one-stage mathematical models were modified to design two-stage and...

Based on the characteristics of the thresholds of two detection schemes employing locally optimum test statistics, a sequential detection design procedure is proposed and analyzed. The proposed sequential test, called the sequential locally optimum test (SLOT), inherently provides finite stopping time (terminates with probability one within the finite horizon), and thereby avoids undesirable fo...

This work aimed at investigating the simultaneous production of amylases and proteases by solid-state fermentation (SSF) of babassu cake using Aspergillus awamori IOC-3914. By means of experimental design techniques and the desirability function, optimum inoculum conditions (C/N ratio of propagation medium, inoculum age, and concentration of inoculum added to SSF medium) for the production of b...

There is loss of efficiency when an estimated noise covariance matrix is used in the place of the unknown true noise covariance matrix in the construction of the optimum filter for signal detection. In the case of detecting a single signal specified by a real or a complex vector, we investigate the extent of this loss by obtaining an exact confidence bound for the realized signal to noise ratio...