We have studied a possible role for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in mediating opiate addiction in the central nervous system by focusing on the rat locus coeruleus. This brain region is well suited for these studies because it is relatively homogeneous and because a wealth of electrophysiological and behavioral data indicate that it plays an important role in mediating the chronic effect...

The advent of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), a connection oriented technology, allows packets in datagram networks to be sent along explicit (not necessarily shortest) paths. This provides scope for the development and more importantly, implementation of traffic engineering schemes that can implicitly or explicitly optimize a network wide performance criterion. We propose a decentralized...

Interpretation of opiate drug test results can be challenging due to casual dietary consumption of poppy seeds, which may contain variable opiate content. Opiate concentrations in paired oral fluid (OF), collected with the Oral-Eze(®) Oral Fluid Collection System, and urine were analyzed after ingestion of poppy seeds from the same source, consumed raw or contained in a roll. In Part 1, 12 indi...

Objective: Substance use disorder (SUD) continue to be a problem for the whole world in first quarter of twenty-first century. The leading centres treatment SUD our country are Alcohol-Drug Addiction Research Treatment and Training Centres (AMATEM). In this study, we aimed examine 2017 data AMATEM outpatients province. Material Methods: study was conducted as retrospective applications between ...

BACKGROUND Because heroin supply changes cannot be measured directly, their impact on populations is poorly understood. British Columbia has experienced an injection drug use epidemic since the 1980s that resulted in 2,590 illicit drug deaths from 1990-1999. Since previous work indicates heroin seizures can correlate with supply and B.C. receives heroin only from Southeast Asia, this study exam...

BACKGROUND Attention from researchers and health care workers to the quality of life (QoL) of opiate users is growing, but most studies are quantitative, giving limited attention to the consumer's perspective. No information is available on how opiate-dependent individuals themselves perceive QoL and what they see as the important components that contribute to a good QoL. OBJECTIVES This qual...

Opiate analgesia, tolerance, and addiction are mediated by drug-induced activation of the mu opioid receptor. A fundamental question in addiction biology is why exogenous opiate drugs have a high liability for inducing tolerance and addiction while native ligands do not. Studies indicate that highly addictive opiate drugs such as morphine are deficient in their ability to induce the desensitiza...

AIMS Screening for concomitant drug consumption is necessary in opiate substitution therapy of opiate-dependent patients. Adulteration of samples is a common problem in this setting. A recently developed polyethylene glycol marker system allows reliable identification of urine samples. In this study, we aimed to compare the rates of drug detection in conventional and marker urine samples. DES...

Opiate dependence affects about 15,479,000 people worldwide. The effectiveness of opiate substitution treatments (OST) has been widely demonstrated. Buprenorphine plays a particular role in opiate dependence care provision in France. It is widely prescribed by physicians and national opiate substitution treatment guidelines have been available since 2004. In order to study the prescribing of bu...

Using the P77PMC strain of rat, which is genetically prone to audiogenic seizures, and also has decreased levels of cholecystokinin (CCK), we examined the analgesic response to peripheral electrical stimulation, which is, in part, opiate-mediated. A number of studies have suggested that CCK may function as an antagonist to endogenous opiate effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that the P77PMC an...