Many real time processes have complex, uncertain and nonlinear dynamics. Boilers are nonlinear, time varying, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems, whose states generally vary with operating conditions. The major problem in controlling that system is that its drum water pressure and steam flow dynamics include an integrator that results a critically stable behavior. Conventional controller p...

A s we approach the 21st century and enter the Information Age, we see the uniquely qualified electronics industry playing a vital role in realizing the new era by providing state-of-the-art technology through microelectronics, telecommunications, computer networks, and software. The advent of 32-bit microprocessors that offer the processing power of minis at a fraction of the cost opens up new...

tem point of view, was 1950. On the earliest digital computers, each user’s job ran separately and had exclusive use of the computer for the duration of the program. The program communicated with I/O devices and managed other resources without assistance. When the program completed, an operator halted the computer and manually prepared the next job. The mid1950s saw the dawn of batch processing...