This paper studies the closed-loop system identification (ID) error when a dynamic integral controller is used. Pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) q-Markov covariance equivalent realization (Cover) is used to identify the closed-loop model, and the open-loop model is obtained based upon the identified closed-loop model. Accurate open-loop models were obtained using PRBS q-Markov Cover system ...

Optimal feedback controls of PDor PID-type can be approximated very efficiently by optimal open-loop feedback controls based on optimal open-loop controls. Extending the standard construction, stochastic optimal open-loop feedback controls are constructed by taking into account still the random parameter variations in the control system. Hence, corresponding to the standard deterministic case, ...

Generalized modeling principles of a nonlinear system with a dynamic fuzzy network (DFN)a network with unconstrained connectivity and with dynamic fuzzy processing units called ‘feurons’, have been given. DFN model has been trained both in open loop and closed loop forms to satisfy these principles. Several system trajectories with a PRBS input have been used for open loop training. DFN model o...

In this paper, close and open loop hexagonal resonator filter, multiplexer of high selectively and compact size are presented. The tri-band multiplexer topology is based on the hexagonal close loop resonators of different size which capacitive coupled from a single input. The filter and multiplexer have been designed on substrate dielectric constant εr = 10.2 and thickness = 0.635 mm. The hexag...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different orthodontic vertical loop height and design on its force characteristics at different amount of loop activation by means of finite element method (FEM) analysis. Materials andMethods: Four 3D FEM models were designed of double vertical open loop (DVOL) and double vertical helical open loop (DVHOL) each of them in two heigh...