INTRODUCTION Increasing evidence from clinical practice, as well as from epidemiological and basic research shows that there are gender differences in clinical features of schizophrenia, and this may be related to estrogens. There may be a relationship between earlier puberty and later onset of the disease, because of the protective effects of estrogens in women with schizophrenia. In this stud...

Visual masking deficit in schizophrenia has been suggested to be a potential vulnerability marker for schizophrenia. An important characteristic of a vulnerability marker is stability over time, but relatively little is known about the longitudinal course of masking performance of schizophrenia patients. In this study, we examined the stability of visual masking performance in recent-onset schi...

In schizophrenia patients, both an older age and earlier age at onset of the disease are related to worse cognitive functioning. As patients with later schizophrenia onset are also older, analysing the two effects separately can be misleading, as they can either be spurious or cancel one another out. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the effects of age and onset-age on cognition...

BACKGROUND There is controversy about whether late-onset schizophrenia is a precursor of cognitive decline. AIMS To examine the long-term outcome of a group of patients with late-onset schizophrenia. METHOD Patients with onset of DSM-III-R schizophrenia at age 50 years or over, but without dementia, and a healthy control group were assessed at baseline (n=27 and n=34, respectively), after 1...

The term "late-onset schizophrenia" was first coined by Manfred Bleuler (1943) to describe a form of schizophrenia with an onset between the ages of 40 and 60. This concept has been adopted by German psychiatry. Until recently, British and American psychiatrists had little interest in this patient group. However, they often used the term "late-onset schizophrenia" interchangeably with late para...

Early onset schizophrenia (with onset before adulthood) represents a rarer and possibly more severe form of the disorder which has received particular attention in the last two decades. Current evidence strongly suggest continuity with adult onset schizophrenia, with phenomenological, cognitive, genetic and neuroimaging data pointing towards similar neurobiological correlates and clinical defic...

AIM To review the literature on sex differences in facial emotion perception (FEP) across the schizophrenia spectrum. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of empirical articles that were included in five separate meta-analyses of FEP across the schizophrenia spectrum, including meta-analyses that predominantly examined adults with chronic schizophrenia, people with early (onset prior to a...

BACKGROUND A high prevalence of cannabis use disorder has been reported in subjects suffering from schizophrenia, fuelling intense debate about whether schizophrenia with pre-onset cannabis use disorder may be a distinct entity with specific features or whether cannabis use disorder can precipitate schizophrenia in genetically vulnerable subjects. METHODS We retrospectively assessed schizophr...

BACKGROUND Over the last few decades, research regarding the age of onset of schizophrenia and its relationship with other clinical variables has been incorporated into clinical practices. However, reports of potential differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between early- and adult-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders have been controversial. Thus, this study aims to assess d...

OBJECTIVE Several studies with contradictory results from different cultures about association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Little is known about this association in Arab culture and Egypt. So the present study aimed to assess the association of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia in com...