down. He remembers being driven to the Infirmary and being carried to the ward, and was able to give his name and address; and he recognised his father about an hour later, but afterwards he lapsed into semi-consciousness, and was in that state when I saw him between 9 and 10. He was then restless, and had vomited; there were no twitchings or convulsions; pupils were equal and reacted to light;...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Molecular experiments suggest that the regulation of the biosynthesis of condensed tannin (CT) is sensitive to the presence of plant enemies. The enemy-specific response of CT concentrations to simulated attacks by pathogenic fungi, bacteria or herbivores was studied in Onobrychis viciifolia grown at four levels of nutrient availability. It was hypothesized that CT concentra...

arteries internally, so much so that the margins of the grooves appear like two swelling waves above the level of the internal surface of skull-cap. The meningeal grooves are deep. The skull-cap is also unsymmetrical, its chief buik running backward, and to the right. A piece of bone, a lamina I5 inch long and i inch broad, has formed in connection with the anterior part of the falx cerebri at ...

Snodgrass et al (1966) divided the D trisomy syndrome into two phenotypic categories based on facial appearance. Patients in their first category had facies associated with defects of prosencephalic cleavage. A striking finding was median cleft lip and palate. In addition there was orbital hypotelorism with severe ocular anomalies, hypoplasia or aplasia of the crista galli, of the median philtr...

PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the deviation of landmarks from horizontal or midsagittal reference planes according to the methods of establishing reference planes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Computed tomography (CT) scans of 18 patients who received orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment were reviewed. Each CT scan was reconstructed by three methods for establishing three orthog...

Orbital approaches provide significant trajectory to the skull base and are used with differently designed pathways. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of a combined transorbital and transnasal approach to the anterior and middle cranial fossa. Cadaveric dissection of five silicon-injected heads was used. A total of 10 bilateral transorbital approaches and 5 extended endona...

Anterior encephaloceles have been extensively reported and classified. Most have occurred at the juncture of the anterior part of the sphenoid with the pars orbitalis of the frontal bone. This corresponds to the region of either the crista galli or the cribriform plate. Encephaloceles in this location are seen in the region of the glabella, medial orbit, or in the nasal cavity or nasopharnyx an...

The effect of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) hay consumption on the pathophysiology and local cellular responses of growing lambs during infection with Trichostrongylus colubriformis was investigated. Thirty-two lambs, 16 weeks of age, were allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups (n=8) that were offered either grass (G) or sainfoin (S) hay while concurrently either infected (+), or not (-) with ...

Nasal dermal sinus is a rare congenital anomaly. We report a case of the dermal sinus associated with a dumbbell-shaped dermoid and demonstrate the detailed anatomy. The patient was a boy aged 1 year and 4 months with a small pit at his nasion from birth and developed swelling of the forehead. The sagittal view of a T2-weighted image demonstrated a dumbbell-shaped, mixed intense dermoid at the ...

AIM Endonasal transsphenoidal approaches are getting rapidly popular in removing many midline skullbase lesions from crista galli to foramen magnum. For safe removal of these lesions, familiarity with endoscopic endonasal anatomy of circle of Willis is very important. Furthermore, for safe development of this approach in vascular neurosurgery in the near future, endoscopic endonasal exposure of...