This is a rare cause of mental handicap. Case finding studies in several English speaking countries have found about one case per 300 institutionalised subjects.3 Assuming that at that time about 1 per 1000 of the general population required institutionalisation the population frequency would be about 1 in 300 000. Sex ratio, j3arental ages, pregnancy history, and birth weights have been unrema...

BACKGROUND Low birthweight (LBW) is a major predictor of early neonatal mortality which disproportionately affects low-income countries. WHO recommends regional definitions for LBW to prevent misclassifications and ensure appropriate care of babies with LBW. We conducted this study to define a clinical cut-off for LBW, and to determine the predictors and adverse foetal outcomes of LBW babies in...

It has been shown that lower birthweight is associated with lower IQ, but it remains unclear whether this association is causal or spurious. We examined the relationship between birthweight and IQ in two prospective longitudinal birth cohorts: a UK cohort of 1116 twin pairs (563 monozygotic [MZ] pairs), born in 1994-95, and a New Zealand cohort of 1037 singletons born in 1972-73. IQ was tested ...

BACKGROUND Although the increased prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States has been documented, little is known about its incidence. We report here on the national incidence of obesity among elementary-school children. METHODS We evaluated data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999, a representative prospective cohort of 7738 participants who...

OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence and co-occurrence of disabilities and their association with parental education in preterm children and term control subjects. STUDY DESIGN In a prospective study, preterm children (n=104), born at <30 weeks' gestation or birth weight <1000 g, and term children (n=95) were assessed at corrected age 5 with an intelligence quotient (IQ) test, behavior quest...

1.1 Definitions Preterm birth (PTB) refers to the birth of a baby that occurs before 37 completed weeks of gestation. PTB can be further sub-categorized as late preterm delivery34 to 36 completed weeks gestation, moderately preterm32 to 34 completed weeks, very pretermless than 32 weeks, and extremely pretermless than 28 weeks gestation (Lockwood, et al., 2011). Preterm birth can also be define...

Molybdenum, applied in vivo, restored the damage from low temperature with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, var "Sadovo 1") grown on acid soil and, in addition, sharply increased productivity (G Salcheva, D Georgieva, 1982; G Salcheva et al., 1977, 1979). Two fractions with molybdenum-cofactor activity in seeds were detected. One of them has a molecular weight of about 230 kilodaltons correspon...

Abstract: Mineral nutrients play an important role in the composition of seeds, influencing germination rate and production vigorous seedlings, which is fundamental for establishment plant stand crop yield. This work aimed to evaluate effect phosphate fertilization on phosphorus (P) content physiological quality seeds wheat cultivars. A 2 × 16 split plot design was used, with two rates P (0 140...