There are four basic components in the clinical evaluation of the patient with a chemosensory disorder: the history, the physical examination, the psychophysical evaluation, and the medical imaging. The history plays a very important role in the etiologic diagnosis. Often associated events with the onset of the chemosensory complaint give the most important clue as to the cause of the disorder....

BACKGROUND Disturbances of smell and taste are common. About 5% of the general population have anosmia (absence of the sense of smell). Olfactory dysfunction can markedly impair the quality of life. METHODS Review of pertinent literature retrieved by a selective search. RESULTS In recent years, simple and reliable tests of the sense of smell have been introduced in otorhinolaryngology. Olfa...

BACKGROUND Sense of smell declines with age and impairment in olfaction has been observed in some neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Functional neuroimaging techniques enable researchers to observe brain regions activated by olfactory stimuli. METHODS We gave three mainly olfactory-mediated odors (limonene, methylsalicylate, and eugenol) to six young and six elderly subj...

Multiple neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease) show olfactory deficits. Olfactory functioning has not been well studied in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In the current study, individuals with FTD, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and healthy elderly controls were compared using an odor identification task. Resu...

Background Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Olfactory dysfunction common symptom several neurological disorders including AD. can be an early alteration heralding the presence Studying pattern alterations in olfaction-related brain regions might help detection neurodegenerative diseases at earlier stage. Objectives this study are to as...

introduction: radiotherapy is a common treatment modality for patients with head and neck malignancies. as the nose lies within the field of radiotherapy of the head and neck, the olfactory fibers and olfactory receptors may be affected by radiation. the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in olfactory threshold in patients with head and neck malignancies who have received radiation to th...

BACKGROUND Changes in olfactory functions have been found in many neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between olfactory functions (odor-detection thresholds, odor identification, and odor preference) and autism severity and sensory-related behavior in children and adolescents with ...

The olfactory bulb plays a critical role in odor discrimination and in processing olfactory cues controlling social behavior in mammals. Given that the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) type 1 receptor (PAC1) is highly expressed in the olfactory bulb, we examined its role in regulating olfaction and social investigation. We found that olfactory detection of nonsocial st...

Dysfunction of the sense smell and taste may have severeimpact on quality life overall health. Detection ofbad in local environment is a warning sign for aperson good pleasurable life. Similarlysense also very important pleasure toavoid intake hazardous meal or drink. Unfortunately,knowledge about dysfunction verylimited little work has been conducted this field.There long list disorders diseas...

Three neurodegenerative disorders- Alzheimer’s dementia (ALZ), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)- share a common feature in their pathogenesis: evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction reactive oxygen stress. Their pathologic classifications are based on the findings at autopsy patterns protein aggregates neurons glial cells. This pathology supports concept that neur...