When wind speeds are 2-10 m s-1, reflective contrasts in the ocean surface make oil slicks visible to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) under all sky conditions. Neural network analysis of satellite SAR images quantified the magnitude and distribution of surface oil in the Gulf of Mexico from persistent, natural seeps and from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) discharge. This analysis identified 914 nat...

Detection and quantification of extremely small amount of oil on site and at low cost has broad applications in environmental monitoring, both in oil spills as well as in routine marine/costal ecosystem monitoring. For example, dispersed oil, generated through the use of chemical dispersants in oil spills to break up oil slick into small droplets so that they can be rapidly diluted in 3D space ...

A Markov chain model is applied for the segmentation of oil slicks acquired by SAR sensors. Actually, oil slicks have specific impact on ocean wave spectra. Initial wave spectra may be characterized by three kinds of waves, big, medium and small, which correspond physically to gravity and gravitycapillary waves. The increase of viscosity due to the presence of oil damps gravity-capillary waves....

Slick and Slack high-conductance potassium channels have been recently discovered, and are found in the central nervous system and in the heart. Both channels are activated by Na(+) and Cl(-), and Slick channels are also inhibited by adenosine triphospate (ATP). An important role of setting the resting membrane potential and controlling the basal excitability of neurons has been suggested for t...

The sodium-activated potassium channels Slick (Slo2.1, KCNT2) and Slack (Slo2.2, KCNT1) are paralogous channels of the Slo family of high-conductance potassium channels. Slick and Slack channels are widely distributed in the mammalian CNS and they play a role in slow afterhyperpolarization, generation of depolarizing afterpotentials and in setting and stabilizing the resting potential. In the p...

We have developed a procedure using solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the quantitative determination of oil films and slicks floating on water surfaces. During Phase One of this study, nine oil loadings (Exxon #6 fuel oil: 3 to 38 mg/cm) were sub sampled with C18-SPE disks in replicates (n = 2-4) from the surface of 1L beakers. Sonication and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) were both tested...

ABSTRACT: Oil spill pollution has a substantial role in damaging the marine ecosystem. Oil spill that floats on top of water, as well as decreasing the fauna populations, affects the food chain in the ecosystem. In fact, oil spill is reducing the sunlight penetrates the water, limiting the photosynthesis of marine plants and phytoplankton. Moreover, marine mammals for instance, disclosed to oil...

Oil-gas reservoir exploration using hyperspectral remote sensing, which based on the theory of hydrocarbon microseepage information and fine spectral response of target, is a new direction for the application of remote sensing technology. In this paper, Qaidam Basin and Liaodong Bay in China were selected as the study areas. Based on the hydrocarbon microseepage theory, the analysis of crude oi...

Sir, Visual anomalies are a common occurrence in the blood components. They come into light when blood components are visually inspected before issue. The US‐Food and Drug Administration issued an alert emphasizing on enhanced visual inspection of all blood components for the presence of white particulate matter (WPM) in 2003 and an AABB press release categorized them into four different patter...

The technical aspects of oil spill remote sensing are examined and the practical uses and drawbacks of each technology are given with a focus on unfolding technology. The use of visible techniques is ubiquitous, but limited to certain observational conditions and simple applications. Infrared cameras offer some potential as oil spill sensors but have several limitations. Both techniques, althou...