The work presents an experimental and kinetic modeling study of laminar premixed formic acid [HC(O)OH]/H2/O2/Ar flames at different equivalence ratios (φ=0.85, 1.1 1.3) stabilized on a flat burner atmospheric pressure, as well flame speed HC(O)OH/O2/Ar (φ=0.5–1.5) 1 atm. Flame structure were simulated using three detailed chemical mechanisms proposed for oxidation. components in the fuel blends...

Ni based catalysts are wildly used in catalytic industrial processes due to their low costs and high activities. The design of highly hierarchical core-shell structured Ni/HBEA is achieved using a sustainable, simple, and easy-tunable hydrothermal synthesis approach using combined NH4Cl and NH3·H2O as a co-precipitation agent at 120 °C. Starting from a single-crystalline hierarchical H+-exchang...

The energetics of hydrolysis reactions for high oxidation states oxo/hydroxo monomeric actinide species (ThIVO2, PaIVO2, UIVO2, PaVO2(OH), UVO2(OH), UVIO3, NpVIO3, NpVIIO3(OH), and PuVIIO3(OH)) were calculated at the CCSD(T) level. first step is formation a Lewis acid/base adduct with H2O (hydration), followed by proton transfer to form dihydroxide molecule (hydrolysis); this process repeated u...

The orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR109B is the result of a recent gene duplication of the nicotinic acid and ketone body receptor GPR109A being found in humans but not in rodents. Like GPR109A, GPR109B is predominantly expressed in adipocytes and is supposed to mediate antilipolytic effects. Here we show that GPR109B serves as a receptor for the beta-oxidation intermediate 3-OH-octanoic a...

Two different metal-organic frameworks containing 2,5-pyrazinedicarboxylate (PzDC2−) as linker molecule and hexanuclear {Hf6(μ3-O)4(μ3-OH)4} clusters were obtained under solvothermal reaction conditions at 120 °C. Formic acid the solvent leads to formation of Hf-UiO-66-PzDC ([Hf6(μ3-O)4(μ3-OH)4(OH)4(H2O)4(PzDC)4]), while in a water/formic mixture resulted crystallisation Hf-CAU-22-PzDC ([Hf6(μ3...

an efficient and simple procedure for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes from the aromatic aldehydes and 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione (dimedone) in the presence of boric acid [bo3h3 or b(oh)3] as an inexpensive and reusable catalyst is described. the salient features of this methodology are: the elimination of corrosive liquid acids, high yields, simple methodology, short reacti...

protonation of the reactive intermediate produced in the  reaction between trimethyl phosphite and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate or diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate by resorcinol, 5-methylresorcinol, 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone, 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, 4-chloro-3,5-dimethy-lphenol, 4-hydroxypyridine, 2-hydroxypyridine, 3-hydroxypyridine, or 8-hydroxyquinoline leads to vinylphosphonium salts, whi...

statement of problem: endodontic treatment of necrotic teeth with open apices is a challenge. after ruling out surgery as a treatment scheme and introduction of the multivisit apexification which in turn had its disadvantages, apical plug seems to be a suitable substitute treatment plan for such cases. apical plug makes the treatment through formation of a barrier against the obturating materia...

The reaction of the hydroxyl radical (OH) with the nitrogen dioxide radical (NO2) can form one of two products: peroxynitrous acid (HOONO), or nitric acid (HONO2). Because HOONO is a temporary reservoir for OH and NO2, while HONO2 is a permanent reservoir, the branching ratio of these two reaction channels is atmospherically significant. Previous experiments have measured the OH-stretch cavity ...