Today the Chaumian Mix idea is not only an academic approach for anonymous communication, it is also a practical system with many variants used in real-world scenarios. It is therefore important to find an appropriate measure for the anonymity provided by these approaches. Many measurement approaches have been proposed that consider only the static state of the system without accounting for pas...

Dependable systems are characterized by a number of attributes including: reliability, availability, safety and security. For some attributes (namely for reliability, availability, safety), there exist probability-based theoretic foundations, enabling the application of dependability analysis techniques. The goal of dependability analysis is to forecast the values of dependability attributes, b...

In this paper, the authors examine UK mobile users’ perceptions of m-commerce utilization. For this purpose, the authors devise a Mobile Network Utilization Model empirically tested in experimental settings. The empirical findings reveal strong support for the capability of the proposed utilization model in measuring the concept of Mobile Task-Technology Fit (MTTF) and explaining the utilizatio...

Fault observability based on the behavior of memory references is studied. Traditional studies view memory as one monolithic entity that must completely work to be considered reliable. The usage patterns of a particular program’s memory are emphasized here. This paper develops a new model for the successful execution of a program taking into account the usage of the data by extending a cache me...

Terahertz pulses are applied as an all-optical bias to ferroelectric thin-film BiFeO3 while monitoring the time-dependent ferroelectric polarization through its nonlinear optical response. Modulations in the intensity of the second harmonic light generated by the film correspond to on-off ratios of 220× gateable on femtosecond timescales. Polarization modulations comparable to the built-in stat...

abstract to evaluate the effects of the irrigation termination in different growth stages on yield and its components of autumn’s canola cultivars in isfahan region. an experiment was conducted in 2005-2006 in kabotar abad research station. a split plot layout within a randomized complete block design with tree replication was used. main plots were seven level of the irrigation cut-off time (d1...

In seasonal plant communities where water availability changes dramatically both between and within seasons, understanding the mechanisms that enable plants to exploit water pulses and to survive drought periods is crucial. By measuring rates of physiological processes, we examined the trade-off between water exploitation and drought tolerance among seedlings of trees of a tropical dry forest, ...

Introduction Selective excitation in more than one dimension is plagued by effects that are due to the long duration of the RF pulses and gradient trajectories needed. B0 off-resonances, for example, dephase magnetization contributions created at different points in time during the excitation process. As a consequence, these contributions do not add up consistently which causes artifacts in the...