The present experiment investigated the effects of muscimol injections into the rat dorsal anterior cingulate on the acquisition and reversal learning of a 4-choice odor discrimination. Long-Evans rats were trained to dig in cups that contained distinct odors. In the odor discrimination, one odor cup contained a cereal reinforcement in acquisition whereas a different odor cup contained a cereal...

Rats were given exposure either to an odor (almond) or a compound of odor plus taste (almond plus saline), prior to training in which the odor served as the conditioned stimulus. It was found, for both appetitive and aversive procedures, that conditioning was retarded by preexposure (a latent inhibition effect), and the extent of the retardation was greater in rats preexposed to the compound (i...

AN ABSTRACT. This study presents a numerical evaluation of air flow and odor emission rate from an open manure storage tank. Odor emission rate is needed to facilitate the odor dispersion study and to compare different odor sources in terms of odor emission. The concentration at the manure surface, the tank dimensions, and wind speed were used to calculate air flow and the emission rate. The SI...

Following prolonged odor stimulation, output from olfactory bulb (OB) mitral/tufted (M/T) cells is decreased in response to subsequent olfactory stimulation. Currently, it is unclear if this decrease is a function of adaptation of peripheral olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) responses or reflects depression of bulb circuits. We used wide-field calcium imaging in anesthetized transgenic GCaMP2 mice...

Determining the location of a particular stimulus is often crucial to an animal’s survival. One way to determine the local distribution of an odor is to make simultaneous comparisons acrossmultiple sensors. If the sensors detect differences in the distribution of an odor in space, the animal can then steer toward the source. American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana, have 4 cm long antennae a...

BACKGROUND An animal navigating to an unseen odor source must accurately resolve the spatiotemporal distribution of that stimulus in order to express appropriate upwind flight behavior. Intermittency of natural odor plumes, caused by air turbulence, is critically important for many insects, including the hawkmoth, Manduca sexta, for odor-modulated search behavior to an odor source. When a moth'...

Clinical data suggests a strong negative impact of traumatic attachments on adult mental illness, presumably through organizing brain development. To further explore this clinical issue, a mammalian model of imprinting was developed to characterize the neural basis of attachment in both healthy and traumatic attachments. The altricial neonatal rat must learn the mother's odor for nipple attachm...

Recent findings have revealed the importance of orthonasal and retronasal olfaction in food memory, especially in conditioned odor aversion (COA); however, little is known about the dynamics of the cerebral circuit involved in the recognition of an odor as a toxic food signal and whether the activated network depends on the way (orthonasal vs retronasal) the odor was first experienced. In this ...

Human body odor, which contains several volatile organic compounds, possesses various odor qualities. To identify key volatile compounds responsible for the common unpleasant odors derived from human axillae and feet, the odor quality and intensity of 118 human axillae and feet were directly evaluated by sniffing, and odor compounds obtained from the subjects were identified. Furthermore, the s...