Purpose Pain sensitivity has been identified as a factor that affects how individuals answer dry eye questionnaires, but it is unknown how it affects ocular discomfort. This study used the time that individuals could refrain from blinking as an indicator of ocular discomfort and set out to determine whether it was related to pain sensitivity, while adjusting for ocular surface conditions. Met...

Topical glaucoma therapy is a long termed, usually lifelong. Antiglaucomatous drugs have toxic effects on ocular surface, due to preservative toxicitiy or the drug itself. Adding a lubricant eyedrops to antiglaucomatous therapy, especially if considering the preservative used, can have protective effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stabilty of precorneal tear film in glaucoma ...

Abstract Purpose of Review To review the role ocular surface epithelial (corneal and conjunctival) ion transporters in pathogenesis treatment dry eye disease (DED). Recent Findings Currently, anti-inflammatory agents are mainstay DED treatment, though there several development that target transport proteins on surface, acting by pro-secretory or anti-absorptive mechanisms to increase tear fluid...

PURPOSE Two new drugs with mucin-inducing and secretion-promotive effects, rebamipide and diquafosol, were recently approved as topical dry-eye treatments. We report two cases in which the long-term use of mucin-inducing eye drops improved chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD)-related dry eye and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP)-like disease. CASE REPORTS Case 1. A 61-year-old w...

Pharmacokinetics, is by definition, the study of the time and dosage relationships of administered drugs. When considering pharmacokinetics one must assume fictional body spaces between which drugs pass, and within which drugs are equally distributed. In the systemic sense these spaces include the intravascular compartment the extracellular spaces and the intracellular spaces. However, for the ...

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or dry eye, is a common ocular disease prompting millions of individuals to seek ophthalmological care. Regardless of the underlying etiology, dry eye has been shown to be associated with abnormalities in the pre-corneal tear film and subsequent inflammatory changes in the entire ocular surface including the adnexa, conjunctiva and cornea. Since the recognition of th...

The presence, frequency, and relationship of ocular and oral shedding of herpes simplex virus to previous herpes keratitis was investigated. This was to determine if a history of herpes keratitis predisposes to shedding of the herpes simplex virus into the tear film and/or mouth. Swabs were collected from the eyes and mouth of two groups of patients thrice weekly over a two- to four-month perio...

The tear film represents the interface between the eye and the environment. The alteration of the delicate balance that regulates the secretion and distribution of the tear film determines the dry eye (DE) syndrome. Despite having a multifactorial origin, the main risk factors are female gender and advanced age. Likewise, morphological changes in several glands and in the chemical composition o...

Ocular mucin, the major product of conjunctival goblet cells, constitutes the innermost layer of preocular tear film. Ocular mucin is known for its limited amount and inaccessibility. Using impression cytology, mucus strands collected from the inferior fornix of either rabbit or human eyes were found to contain inflammatory cellular debris. In order to circumvent these difficulties and to isola...

PURPOSE This study was performed to separately assess the aqueous flow applied with hyaluronic acid, and the behaviour of hyaluronic acid itself on the ocular surface. METHODS Two different fluorescent dyes, fluorescein sodium dissolved in 0.1% hyaluronic acid (HA) solution and 0.1% fluorescein conjugated with hyaluronic acid (F-HA) dissolved in saline, were used. A volume of 20 mul of tested...