Pharmaceutical approaches based on nanotechnologies and the development of eye drops composed of the mucoadhesive polymers chitosan and hyaluronic acid are emerging strategies for the efficient treatment of ocular diseases. These innovative nanoparticulate systems aim to increase drugs' bioavailability at the ocular surface. For the successful development of these systems, the evaluation of muc...

A matrix-type transdermal therapeutic system was developed for treating diseases of the eye where it is difficult for drug molecules to reach with conventional topical instillation. Prednisolone was employed as a model drug. An in vivo study using rats showed that the daily application of the patch maintained a constant plasma concentration of the drug, which was equivalent the therapeutic plas...

PURPOSE To reestablish the immunosuppressive microenvironment of the eye, disrupted by ocular inflammation during endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU), by means of intravitreal injection of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in saline or encapsulated in liposomes, to increase its bioavailability and efficiency. METHODS EIU was induced in Lewis rats by subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide ...

Oral route is the most common and convenient route for drug delivery, but some drugs are not given by this route. This route is most common problem is low bioavailability .The various challenges faced by the pharmaceutical scientists leads to the improve bioavailibilityty enhance the approach of self emulsifying drug delivery system. It has gained exposure of their ability to increase solubilit...

Conveying the therapeutic agent to human eye has been a struggling task for formulators and scientists because of complicated arrangement eye. The agents needed deliver drugs specific sites require crossing various ocular barriers, which act as hitches drug delivery. Conventional preparations present in market do not achieve desired results due their lower bioavailability, less retention time, ...

The plasma concentrations of ranitidine after oral and intravenous administration have been measured in 10 healthy young adults, nine cirrhotic patients, and eight healthy elderly people. In the first of these bioavailability was 51 +/- 4% and half life 161 +/- 11 minutes after oral and 124 +/- 5 minutes after intravenous administration. In the cirrhotics bioavailability was increased to 70 +/-...

purpose: controversy has recently risen about the presence of compensatory ocular countertorsion (coct) after head tilt. this study was performed to define the functional range of this phenomenon. methods: cycloplegic autorefraction was performed on 80 eyes with regular astigmatism 2d. objective autorefraction was performed in normal position, right and left head tilt positions of 5º, 10º, 15º,...

Treating various ailments of eye utilizes mostly two strategies i.e. delivery of the therapeutic agent by development of a novel delivery system or by enhancing the permeation of therapeutically active agent by the use of penetration enhancers or by the alteration of its physicochemical properties. Conventional ophthalmic drugs delivery system including eye drops, ointments and gels, are no lon...