BACKGROUND 214 orthoptists' infants have been followed for up to 15 years, relating neonatal misalignment (NMs) and first convergence onset to later childhood ocular abnormalities. NMs are shown in a companion paper to reflect the onset of first convergence, but if frequent or absent may predict a higher risk of refractive error and esodeviation. METHODS In a prospective postal survey, orthop...

Purpose: To evaluate ocular motility (OM) abnormalities associated with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS). Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, patients EDS underwent a complete orthoptic examination. The following tests were performed: corneal light reflex test, stereoscopic cover OM assessment, evaluation of eye pain in different gaze positions red filter test for di...

results this cross-sectional study included 92 patients (47 male and 45 female) with mean age of 32.1 ± 13.16 years (ranging from nine to 61 years of age). mean duration of vitiligo was 10.84 ± 10.17 years. the most common distribution of the lesions was on the upper limbs (60.8%) and the least was on the genital region (10.8%). positive family history was found in 26 (28.3%) patients. diabetes...

Goldenhar syndrome is a developmental abnormality of 1st & 2nd branchial arch involving the craniofacial microsomia with ocular & vertebral abnormality. Though most of the cases are sporadic, some familial association is also found in autosomal dominant or recessive manner. Teratogenic effect of some toxic substances may lead to the condition. Ocular abnormalities are epibulbar dermoid, lipoder...