Keywords Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), airflow obstruction, relief of symptoms, maintenance treatment, exacerbations. 1 correction related to a change on p. 4 Guideline on clinical investigation of medicinal products in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) EMA/CHMP/700491/2012 2/17 Guideline on clinical investigation of medicinal products in the treatmen...

References 1 Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agustı́ AG, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187: 347–365. 2 Walters JA, Gibson PG, Wood-Baker R, et al. Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 1: ...

Introduction: Forced expiratory value in one score  (FEV1)/ Forced vital capacity (FVC) was used in classical literature for primary classifications of pulmonary disorders. American Thoracic Society/ European Respiratory Society guidelines recommended using FEV1/VC instead of FEV1/FVC.The aim of study was determination of the extent of superiority of FEV1/VC over the FEV1/FVC. Materials and Met...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been increasingly recognised as a systemic disease. The hormonal, metabolic and musculoskeletal implications of the generalised processes involving oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and endocrine hormones have only begun to be understood. Only a few studies have looked into the epidemiology of inflammatory markers in patients w...

Objective: The purpose was to confirm the significance of Anti-endothelial cell antibodies(AECA) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and validate effect methylprednisolone intervention.

INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide. It is defined as a persistent airflow limitation usually progressive and not fully reversible to treatment. The diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and severity of disease is confirmed by spirometry. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease produces electrical changes in the heart ...

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) has been defined by the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (gold), as a disease state characterized by airflow limitation which is not fully reversible. copd consists of emphysema which is the destruction and inflammation of the lung alveoli. adenosine deaminase (ada, e.c.3.5.4.4) converts adenosine to inosine. there are two isoen...