Editor—Clearly the editorial by Murray et al on junior doctors’ shifts has struck a chord with many, as on-call rotas are something close to many doctors hearts. 2 To most it seems the grass is not greener on the other side. Having worked most rotas, be it a traditional one in four, with full weekends, to partial, hybrid, and full shift patterns, I am in a reasonable position to comment on what...

This study is concerned with the reliability of biometric verification systems when used in forensic applications. In particular, when such systems are subjected to targeted impersonation attacks. The authors expand on the existing work in targeted impersonation, focusing on how best to measure the reliability of verification systems in forensic contexts. It identifies two scenarios in which ta...

Effective health care interventions are underutilized in the developing world, and income-related disparities in use are large. The evidence concerning this access problem is summarized and its demand side causes are identified. Broad strategies that have been proposed to tackle the access problem through changes in economic incentives are considered. It is argued that there is a need to go bey...

A theoretical framework for viewing health services utilization is presented, emphasizing the importance of the (1) characteristics of the health services delivery system, (2) changes in medical technology and social norms relating to the definition and treatment of illness, and (3) individual determinants of utilization. These three factors are specified within the context of their impact on t...

The humanoid robot garners paramount interest because of its ability to mimic human-like behavior in real-time environments. In this paper, a hybridized Artificial Potential Field (APF)-Broyden Fletcher Goldfarb Shanno (BFGS) Quasi-Newton technique is being proposed for the trajectory planning robot. methodology combines faster local search BFGS method with global APF an efficient and faster-hy...