Corrupt government hiring is common in developing countries. This paper uses original data to document the operation and consequences of corrupt a health bureaucracy. Hires pay bribes averaging 17 months salary, but contrary conventional wisdom, their observable quality comparable counterfactual merit-based hires. Exploiting variation across jobs, I show that allocations depend on correlation b...

‘Living’ Wage, Class Conflict and Ethnic Strife We examine how group-specific differences in reservation wage, arising due to asymmetries in social entitlements, impact on distribution via the joint determination of class conflict between workers and employers, and ‘ethnic’ conflict among workers. We model a twodimensional contest, where two unions, representing different sections of workers, j...

In this paper, we dissect with great acuteness contemporary insufficiencies of the IFS (2008) definition of the financial system and conclude from sound theoretical underpinnings and empirical justifications that the foundation, on which it is based, while solid for developed countries, holds less ground in developing countries. Perhaps one of the deepest empirical hollows in the financial deve...

Estimations of the shadow economies for 145 countries, including developing, transition and highly developed OECD economies over 1999 to 2005 are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (as a percent of "official" GDP) in 2004/05 in 96 developing countries is 36.7%, in 25 transition countries 38.8% and in 21 OECD countries 14.8%. An increased burden of taxation and social security con...

Can research findings change political leaders’ beliefs and policies? We use experiments with 2,150 Brazilian municipalities to measure mayors’ demand for response information. In one experiment, we find that mayors are willing pay learn the results of evaluation studies, update their when informed findings. They value larger-sample studies more, while not distinguishing between in rich poor co...

the secret of success for organizations is the discovery and application of their employees' “talent.” yet, the most important matter is for individuals to discover their own top talent. research findings show that each individual has his or her own unique inborn and acquired feature, including special temperament instinct and innateness. humans’ temperaments and instincts actualize natura...

formula one legend michael schumacher hit his head severely while skiing on december 29, 2013. he was operated on for brain decompression and left in a coma fighting for life. in such severe brain injury with cerebral contusion and hemorrhage following head trauma, refractory to medical therapy and with increasing cerebral oedema and intracranial pressure, critically low cerebral perfusion can ...

This study argues that economic vulnerability causes citizens to participate in clientelism, a phenomenon with various pernicious consequences. To examine how reduced affects citizens’ participation we employ two exogenous shocks vulnerability. First, designed randomized control trial reduce household vulnerability: our development intervention constructed residential water cisterns drought-pro...