This paper studies four substitutable products in a two level supply chain which consists of two suppliers and two manufacturers. We develop two competitive models that decisions are made on the decentralized and centralized decisions respectively. Then we get the optimal pricing for four products in each condition. Through detail numerical analyses, we discuss the price, product demand and the...

This paper employs a bivaraite vector autoregressive-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (VAR-GARCH) model recently developed by Ling and McAleer (2003) to examine the impact of oil price fluctuations on stock market returns in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over the period from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2011. The proposed model is estimated using maximum likelihood met...

Parallel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique by acquiring a reduced amount of data in Fourier domain with multiple receiver coils. To recover the underlying imaging object, one often needs the explicit knowledge of coil sensitivity maps, or some additional fully acquired data blocks called the auto-calibration signals (ACS). In this paper, we show that by exploiting the bet...

Recent developments in nanostructured products draw considerable attention to ultrafine grained materials. These materials are normally manufactured by different severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods. In the present study, analytical models and finite element method (FEM) are used to calculate strain imposed to a specimen that was deformed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). In additio...

Asynchronous online forums such as FirstClass are frequently used in many educational settings to link networks of learners. They offer opportunities for knowledge-building dialogue and for the exchange of learning resources, but many students struggle to make effective use of them. Researchers have therefore been concerned to investigate how learners successfully build knowledge together in on...

This paper investigates the effectiveness of the Memoryless Simplification approach described by Lindstrom and Turk [14]. Like many polygon simplification methods, this approach reduces the number of triangles in a model by performing a sequence of edge collapses. It differs from most recent methods, however, in that it does not retain a history of the geometry of the original model during simp...

Oil price fluctuations affect equity values in North American, European, and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) stock markets, as evidenced by prior studies. However, they only focus on market-wide level analysis. This study, through both market level and sector level analyses, examines the sensitivity of Malaysian stock returns to oil price fluctuations over the period from January 2000 to March 2...

The problem of ensuring control software properties hold on their actual implementation is rarely tackled. While stability proofs are widely used on models, they are never carried to the code. Using program verification techniques requires express these properties at the level of the code but also to have theorem provers that can manipulate the proof elements. We propose to address this challen...

Motivated by high oil prices, several large fleet companies initiated future plans to hybridize their fleets to establish immunity for their optimized business models against severe oil price fluctuations, and adhere to increasing awareness of environmentally-friendly solutions. The hybridization projects increased maintenance costs especially for highly costly and degradable components such as...

We revisit the Cauchy-Dirichlet problem for degenerate parabolic scalar conservation laws. We suggest a new notion of strong entropy solution. It gives a straightforward explicit characterization of the boundary values of the solution and of the flux, and leads to a concise and natural uniqueness proof, compared to the one of the fundamental work [J. Carrillo, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 1999]. ...