In the past, the creators of numerical programs had to choose between simple expression of mathematical formulas and static type checking. While the Lisp family and its dynamically typed relatives support the straightforward expression via a rich numeric tower, existing statically typed languages force programmers to pollute textbook formulas with explicit coercions or unwieldy notation. In thi...

Learning programs that try to generalize from real-world examples may have to deal with many different kinds of data. Continuous numeric data may cause problems for algorithms that search for identical aspects of examples. This problem can be .. . surmounted by categori=ing the nume-ric data. However, this process has problems of its own. In this paper we look at the need for categorizing numer...

We consider a new class of planning problems involving a set of non-negative real variables, and a set of non-deterministic actions that increase or decrease the values of these variables by some arbitrary amount. The formulas specifying the initial state, goal state, or action preconditions can only assert whether certain variables are equal to zero or not. Assuming that the state of the varia...

Links: [1] https://www.buppractice.com/node/103 [2] http://dpt.samhsa.gov/pdf/HepC_draft_monograph_5-8-2006.pdf [3] https://www.buppractice.com/taxonomy/term/28 [4] https://www.buppractice.com/taxonomy/term/116 [5] https://www.buppractice.com/taxonomy/term/50 [6] https://www.buppractice.com/taxonomy/term/52 [7] https://www.buppractice.com/taxonomy/term/61 [8] https://www.buppractice.com/taxonom...

Genetic programming is relatively poor at discovering useful numeric constants for the terminal nodes of its sexpression trees. In this paper we outline an adaptation to genetic programming, called numeric mutation. ~,Ve provide empirical evidence and analysis that demonstrate that numeric mutation makes a statistically significant increase in genetic programming’s performance for symbolic regr...

We propose a new chemical detection technique in which an analyte's vibrational frequencies are interrogated directly using an array of nanomechanical resonators. This "nanomechanical resonance spectroscopy" (NRS) could permit label-free chemical detection, combining the high sensitivity of nanomechanical approaches with the high selectivity of traditional spectroscopy. A computational proof of...

When people estimate a numeric value after judging whether it is larger or smaller than a high or low anchor value (comparative question), estimates are biased in the direction of the anchor. One explanation for this anchoring effect is that people selectively access knowledge consistent with the anchor value as part of a positive test strategy. Two studies (total N = 184) supported the alterna...

The Philippine Islands are one of the most biologically diverse archipelagoes in the world. Current taxonomy, however, may underestimate levels of avian diversity and endemism in these islands. Although species limits can be difficult to determine among allopatric populations, quantitative methods for comparing phenotypic and genotypic data can provide useful metrics of divergence among populat...

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are essentially a ‘black box’ technology. The lack of an explanation component prevents the full and complete exploitation of this form of machine learning. This chapter presents an historical perspective on rule extraction from artificial neural networks beginning with 6 ways in which the ANN paradigm may be enriched through the addition of rule extraction / e...