TGF-b plays a critical role in normal mammary development and morphogenesis. Decreased TGF-b signaling has been associated with increased mammographic density. Percent mammographic density (PMD) adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI) is a strong risk factor and predictor of breast cancer risk. PMD is highly heritable, but few genetic determinants have been identified. We investigated the as...

conclusions the administration of dextrose saline was associated with a shortened active phase and second stage of labor in vaginally delivered nulliparous women. results of 174 objects enrolled, 150 women delivered vaginally and completed the study. there was a significant difference in the duration of active phase between the groups (ns: 270.20 ± 13.37 minutes; d5ns: 206.67 ± 11.72 minutes) (...

Title: Maternal obesity and postpartum haemorrhage after vaginal and caesarean delivery among nulliparous women at term: a retrospective cohort study Authors:

Background: Induction of labour means initiation uterine contractions before onset spontaneous to achieve vaginal delivery, because birth by caesarean delivery is more hazardous than delivery. Prostaglandins are used in management Labour and introduced as agent for induction Labour. Nulliparous women likely undergo at a higher risk after labour, compared multiparous women. Objective current stu...

BACKGROUND Increasing rates of postpartum haemorrhage in developed countries over the past two decades are not explained by corresponding changes in risk factors and conjecture has been raised that maternal obesity may be responsible. Few studies investigating risk factors for PPH have included BMI or investigated PPH risk among nulliparous women. The aim of this study was to determine in a coh...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported on adverse neonatal outcomes associated with parity and maternal age. Many of these studies have relied on cross-sectional data, from which drawing causal inference is complex. We explore the associations between parity/maternal age and adverse neonatal outcomes using data from cohort studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). METHO...

BACKGROUND This study was performed to compare changes in urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms and pelvic floor structure during pregnancy between nulliparous and multiparous women. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was performed among pregnant women from July 2016 to January 2017. In total, 358 pregnant women from two hospitals underwent an interview and pelvic floor transperineal ultrasound as...

Background: Pregnancy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is marked by a decrease in relapse activity with a corresponding rebound in the first months postpartum. Because MS typically occurs during childbearing years, it is important to determine the long term effect of pregnancy. Design/Methods: Subjects were part of the New York State Multiple Sclerosis Consortium registry. 1,195 parous and 328 nullip...

BACKGROUND The use of interventions in childbirth has increased the past decades. There is concern that some women might receive more interventions than they really need. For low-risk women, midwife-led birth settings may be of importance as a counterbalance towards the increasing rate of interventions. The effect of planned place of birth on interventions in the Netherlands is not yet clear. T...