CONTEXT The literature shows an association between several ultrasound markers and chromosome abnormality. Among these, measurement of nuchal translucency has been indicated as a screening method for aneuploidy. The trisomy of chromosome 21 has been most evaluated. OBJECTIVE To define the best fixed cutoff point for nuchal translucency, with the assistance of the ROC curve, and its accuracy i...

The atlanto-occipital joint is composed of the superior fossa lateral masses atlas (C1) and occipital condyles. Congenital Atlanto-occipital fusion (AOF) involves osseous union base occiput (C0) (C1). AOF or occipitalization/assimilation represents a craniovertebral junction malformation (CVJM) which can be accompanied by other cranial spinal malformations. may asymptomatic patients experience ...

BACKGROUND Penetrating neck injury is an important trauma subset but is relatively rare, especially when involving the posterior cervical column. Rupture of the neck restraints, including the interspinous and flavum ligaments, can create serious cervical instability that requires special consideration when managing the airway. However, no detailed information regarding airway management in pati...

Wadi El-Hitan, the UNESCO World Heritage Site, of the Fayum Depression in the northeast part of the Western Desert of Egypt, has produced a remarkable collection of Eocene vertebrates, in particular the fossil whales from which it derives its name. Here we describe a new genus and species of marine catfishes (Siluriformes; Ariidae), Qarmoutus hitanensis, from the base of the upper Eocene Birket...

background and aim: although nuchal cord is a common occurrence at birth, there is little attention to its importance or management at birth, and teaching includes premature clamping and cutting of the cord as the common option.  although grade 1 evidence is lacking, the optimal management of the nuchal cord,  the somersault manoeuvre  is not taught or included in any current guidelines. what e...

OBJECTIVE Genetic sonography following first-trimester combined screening appears to increase substantially detection rates for Down syndrome but it relies on the unproved assumption of independence between these tests. In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship between first-trimester nuchal translucency (NT) and a series of second-trimester soft markers and structural defects in u...