the most important limiting factor for mass production of mycorrhizal fungi inoculums and subsequently their use in arable soil is obligate nature of this symbiosis. to overcome this problem, several methods such as hydroponic ,aeroponic, and root organ culture have been proposed for spore production of these fungi. each of these methods has several capabilities and limiting factors.  the goal ...

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to compare root anatomy and hydraulic conductivity of four barley cultivars including Valfajr, Karoon, Afzal and Zarjo under salt stress conditions. The results showed that under salt stress, the minimum diameter of vessels was observed in the peripheral metaxylem of seminal roots of Valfajr cultivar and in adventitious roots; Karoon with 19±3 µm had maxi...

       Antimicrobial activity of the polar and nonpolar extracts of the roots and aerial parts of Peucedanum ruthenicum M. Bieb., Johreniopsis seseloides (C. A. Mey.) Pimenov and Cervaria cervariifolia (C. A. Mey.) Pimenov were examined against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The polar extracts of the roots and aerial parts displayed no activity against bact...

An experimental design involving sequences of m distinct events can be conceptualized as an nth-order transition probability matrix specifying the probabilities with which each of the m distinct events is to follow certain n-grams. This paper describes a general method for constructing sequences of shortest possible length that satisfy any such matrix and presents a computer program that random...

Let d(m) be the number of divisors of the positive integer m. Here, we show that if n 6∈ {3, 5}, then d(n!) is a divisor of n!. We also show that the only positive integers n such that d(Fn) divides Fn, where Fn is the nth Fibonacci number, are n ∈ {1, 2, 3, 6, 24, 48}.

Let a(n, k) be the kth coefficient of the nth cyclotomic polynomial. In part I it was proved that {a(mn, k) | n ≥ 1, k ≥ 0} = Z, in case m is a prime power. In this paper we show that the result also holds true in case m is an arbitrary positive integer.

For any initial state of the M/D/c queueing system this paper presents explicit expressions for the transient distributions of the number of customers in the system at time t > 0, the virtual waiting time for a customer arriving at time t > 0, the queue length at the service intitiation of the nth customer, and the waiting time of the nth customer to be served after t = 0. The analysis requires...

A new constructive method for finding all convenient moduli m for a number-theoretic transform with given length N and given primitive Nth root of unity modulo m is presented. This method is based on the prime factorization of cyclotomic polynomials with integer-valued argument or on the primitive divisors of integers. Many known results can be obtained as simple corollaries.