We have implemented the so-called λ-Zeeman technique (LZT) to investigate individual hyperfine transitions between Zeeman sublevels of the Rb atoms in a strong external magnetic field B in the range of 2500 − 5000 G (recently it was established that LZT is very convenient for the range of 10 − 2500 G). Atoms are confined in a nanometric thin cell (NTC) with the thickness L = λ, where λ is the r...

Two grounded voltage controlled resistors operating in saturation region are proposed. The first proposed grounded voltage controlled resistor employs 8 metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistors and the second one uses 10 MOS transistors. The proposed GVCRs having only one control voltage do not need any bias currents and voltages constructed with extra elements. One of the main properties of...

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) based resistors used as bacteria sensors are fabricated using the classical silicon technologies. SiNWs are grown by vapor liquid solid (VLS) method using gold as catalyst. Electrodes of the device are made of heavily in-situ doped polycristalline silicon. Results show potential use of the corresponding resistors, with SiNWs as sensitive units, for bacteria detection. ...

The conductance of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) was found to be quantized. The experimental method involved measuring the conductance of nanotubes by replacing the tip of a scanning probe microscope with a nanotube fiber, which could be lowered into a liquid metal to establish a gentle electrical contact with a nanotube at the tip of the fiber. The conductance of arc-produced MWNTs is o...

Last updated on May 12, 2006. You can find the most recent version at www.designersguide.org. Contact the author via e-mail at [email protected]. Permission to make copies, either paper or electronic, of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that the copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that the copies are complete and...

A new strategy for the layout of integrated resistors that minimizes yield loss due to random sheet resistance variations for a given area in ratio-critical applications is introduced. The strategy is based upon the optimal partitioning of area between the resistors that must be ratio-matched and on the practical realization of the partitioned resistors with unit resistor cells. This strategy p...

The challenge for any trade agreement is to be adaptable enough to enable countries to address legitimate non-trade concerns (NTC) while being restrictive enough to limit harm to other countries and to assist the creation of free international markets. In this paper, we focus on how environmental NTC have been addressed in agricultural policy in the USA and the European Union (EU) and the resul...