A detailed chemistry-based CFD model was developed to simulate the diesel spray combustion and emission process. A reaction mechanism of n-heptane is coupled with a reduced NOx mechanism to simulate diesel fuel oxidation and NOx formation. The soot emission process is simulated by a phenomenological soot model that uses a competing formation and oxidation rate formulation. The model is applied ...

Existing parameterizations tend to underpredict the α-pinene aerosol mass fraction (AMF) or yield by a factor of 2–5 at low organic aerosol concentrations (<5μg m−3). A wide range of smog chamber results obtained at various conditions (low/high NOx, presence/absence of UV radiation, dry/humid conditions, and temperatures ranging from 15–40C) collected by various research teams during the last d...

Autophagy is a process for cells to degrade proteins or entire organelles to maintain a balance in the synthesis, degradation, and subsequent recycling of cellular products. Increased reactive oxygen species formation is known to induce autophagy. We previously reported that increased NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) from fetal lambs with persistent pulm...

[1] The impact of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission reductions from major point sources on the key physical and chemical processes contributing to ozone formation and accumulation is studied, and the extent of change in the chemical regime is examined using selected photochemical indicators in the eastern United States. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) chemical-transport model, equipped ...

In atherosclerosis, oxidative stress-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) dysfunction is partially mediated by up-regulated NADPH oxidase (Nox); the mechanisms of enzyme regulation are not entirely defined. CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) regulate cellular proliferation and differentiation, and the expression of many inflammatory and immune genes. We aimed at elucidating the role...

Coflow and counterflow methane–air flames are simulated over a complete partially premixed regime in order to characterize the effects of dominant combustion modes (i.e., single-, two-, and three-stage combustion) on NOx emissions. Simulations employ a comprehensive numerical model that uses detailed descriptions of transport and chemistry (GRI-2.11 mechanism) and includes radiation effects. It...

I. Ground‐level Ozone Formation a. Precursor (Ozone‐Forming) Emissions Ground‐level ozone (O3) is produced by a complex set of atmospheric chemical reactions that depend on precursor (ozone‐forming) emissions from numerous sources, both natural and of human origin. Ground‐level ozone formation is also dependent on weather and climatic factors. Temperature is an important factor in both weathe...

The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into valuable compounds, that is, so-called nitrogen fixation, is gaining increased interest, owing to the essential role in the nitrogen cycle of the biosphere. Plasma technology, and more specifically gliding arc plasma, has great potential in this area, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, we developed a detailed chemical kine...

[1] The formation of photooxidants and aerosols in the Milan area (Po Valley, Italy) has been simulated for 13 May 1998 with an Eulerian model. The high-pressure conditions and the weak synoptic circulation favor the formation of strongly enhanced photooxidants and aerosol levels downwind of the metropolitan area of Milan. The polluted air masses are transported northward where the highest ozon...

Dendromass remains the largest biomass energy source today. Dendromass has a lot of advantages in comparison with fossil fuels. One important benefit is reduced SO2 and NOx formation through a decrease in fuel bound sulfur and nitrogen respectively. One of applications of dendromass are wood pellets. Using of additives can affect some properties of wood pellets include combustion and production...