in this paper a novel design of all-optical half-subtractor based on nonlinear directional coupler is proposed. by using four waveguides and appropriately adjusting the refractive indices and selecting the proper length of waveguides, halfsubtractor function can be obtained. the operation of this function is simulated by rsoft cad-layout (beamprop) simulator. the simulation results confirm the ...

This paper presents a novel procedure for solving the equations system of the rotating crack model used for reinforced concrete. It is implemented in the programme NonOPt where it is used to optimise the reinforcement design of D regions. The procedure is based on solving explicit closed-form relations without the need to incrementally increase the applied loads. The solution procedure is based...

Photonic crystal design procedure for negative refraction has so far been based on trial and error. In this paper, for the first time, a novel and systematic design procedure based on physical and mathematical properties of photonic crystals is proposed to design crystal equi-frequency contours (EFCs) to produce negative refraction. The EFC design is performed by the help of rectangular stair-c...