[1] The multi‐stage eruption of the Icelandic volcano Laki beginning in June, 1783 is speculated to have caused unusual dry fog and heat in western Europe and cold in North America during the 1783 summer, and record cold and snow the subsequent winter across the circum‐North Atlantic. Despite the many indisputable impacts of the Laki eruption, however, its effect on climate, particularly during...

[1] A study of the influences of interdecadal and interannual oceanic-atmospheric influences on April 1 Snow-Water Equivalent (SWE) in the western U.S. is presented. SWE data was identified at 323 Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) SNOTEL (SNOwpack TELemetrysites) stations for the period of 1961 to 2004 and for 121 SNOTEL stations for the period 1941 to 2004. The phases (cold/negativ...

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is modulating the Earth’s ozone shield such that the calculated anthropogenic total ozone decrease is enhanced over Europe whereas over the North Atlantic region it is reduced (for the last 30 years). Including the NAO in a statistical model suggests a more uniform chemical winter trend compared to the strong longitudinal variation reported earlier. At Arosa...

The role of natural factors mainly solar eleven-year cycle variability, and volcanic eruptions on two major modes of climate variability the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are studied for around last 150 years period. The NAO is the primary factor to regulate Central England Temperature (CET) during winter throughout the period, though NAO is impacted d...

Abstract We use an ensemble of models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) to analyse number days with extreme winter precipitation over Northern Europe and its relationship North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), for historical period 1950–2014 two future 21st-century scenarios. Here we find that Europe, project twice more by end 21st century under high-emission...

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is one of the most prominent and recurrent patterns of atmospheric circulation variability. It dictates climate variability from the eastern seaboard of the United States to Siberia and from the Arctic to the subtropical Atlantic, especially during boreal winter, so variations in the NAO are important to society and for the environment. Understanding the pro...

Abstract The validity of the long-held understanding or assumption that El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a remote influence on North Atlantic (NAO) in January–February–March (JFM) months been questioned recently. We examine this claim further using atmospheric data filtered to separate variability orthogonal and parallel NAO. This decomposition fields is based Principal Component/Empiric...

Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) can have a strong impact on the troposphere. Their fingerprint is often associated with negative phase of Northern Annular Mode (NAM) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), extreme weather high societal impact. However, mechanisms behind this downward are not well understood. We investigate surface through its predictability limits, by studying 2018 SSW event...

[1] The surface response to 11 year solar cycle variations is investigated by analyzing the long-term mean sea level pressure and sea surface temperature observations for the period 1870–2010. The analysis reveals a statistically significant 11 year solar signal over Europe, and the North Atlantic provided that the data are lagged by a few years. The delayed signal resembles the positive phase ...

[1] Observed multidecadal variability (30 yr runningmeans, trends, and moving standard deviations) of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during the instrumental record is compared to that simulated by two different coupled general circulation models in extended-range control experiments. Simulated NAO exhibits strong low frequency fluctuations, even on multi-centennial time scale. Observed mu...