Malaria and poverty are intimately connected. As Nobel Laureate in Medicine T.H. Weller (1958: 497) noted, “It has long been recognized that a malarious community is an impoverished community.” Weller could have said the same for malarious countries. Malaria is most intractable for countries in the poorest continent, Africa. The only parts of Africa free of malaria are the northern and southern...

south-western coast of Africa, from southern Angola (15°S) to Cape Agulhas (35°S; Fig. 1). Ecologically, it is split into separate northern and southern subsystems by a zone of intense perennial upwelling near Lüderitz (26–27.5°S; Shannon 1985). As is characteristic of upwelling ecosystems, the Benguela is highly productive and supports abundant populations of plankton-feeding clupeoids, includ...

Cover Illustration: The cover pictures an Eocene Atlantogean landscape showing vertebrate groups shared only by South America and northern Africa during the Tertiary. The basis is a palaeoprovince proposed by Ezcurra and Agnolin (this issue) that included South America, continental Africa, Europe, Antarctica and Australia. The fi rst plane of the fi gure shows a phororhacoid bird (cf. Lavocatav...

This paper investigates the impacts of Communal Property Associations on rural livelihoods in the Northern Province, South Africa. After a brief review of livelihoods and a short background to land reform in South Africa the paper details findings regarding the impact of land reform in the province. Quantitative and qualitative interviews were conducted from July 1999 until May 2000 and in Janu...

The five-toed jerboas of genus Allactaga Cuvier, 1837 have been distributed in arid and semi-desert regions throughout northern Africa, Iranian Plateau and Central Asia to Mongolia. This genus has 12 species of which five have been so far reported from Iran including, Small Five-toed Jerboa (A. elater), William’s Jerboa (A. williamsi), Euphrate’s Jerboa (A. euphratica); Hotson’s Jerboa (A. hots...

Shipborne aerosol lidar observations were performed aboard the research vessel Polarstern in 2009 and 2010 during three north-south cruises from about 50°N to 50°S. The aerosol data set provides an excellent opportunity to characterize and contrast the vertical aerosol distribution over the Atlantic Ocean in the polluted northern and relatively clean southern hemisphere. Three case studies, an ...

The maximum rise in blood glucose after 50 g lactose by mouth was determined in 40 adult Arabs. Out of 30 Bedouin, urban Saudi, and Yemeni and 9 of mixed ancestry (usually partly African), 25 (83%) and 2 (22%) respectively showed an increase of over 1-1 mmol/1 (20 mg/100 ml). In common with most northern Europeans and Hamitic people of northern Africa, Arabs in Saudi Arabia usually have high in...

The sequencing of entire human mitochondrial DNAs belonging to haplogroup U reveals that this clade arose shortly after the "out of Africa" exit and rapidly radiated into numerous regionally distinct subclades. Intriguingly, the Saami of Scandinavia and the Berbers of North Africa were found to share an extremely young branch, aged merely approximately 9,000 years. This unexpected finding not o...

Opportunistic fungal infections account for a significant amount of morbidity associated with HIV disease. In Northern Ireland approximately 10% of our HIV positive patients have acquired their disease in foreign climes, particularly subSaharan Africa and the United States of America. This, coupled with increasing travel in general abroad, increases the likelihood ofthem acquiring opportunistic...

Two Cypreaidae from the Northern Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, and Southern Mozambique are described. This includes a unique fascinating fossil cowrie, Barycypraea iungo, new subspecies, Bistolida clavicola jangamoensis.