Sporadic multinodular goitre is common in the UK, affecting up to 40,, of the population. Spontaneous reduction in goitre size is unlikely and steady growth at about 20",, per annum may be seen if untreated. Treatment is indicated for pressure symptoms on the trachea, assymmetrical increase in size suggesting underlying malignancy, a sudden increase in size due to colloid degeneration or haemor...

Traumatic wounds are caused by severe trauma, resulting in lesions with extensive skin and subcutaneous tissue loss and damage to tissue viability. A "difficult wound" is a solution of continuity that does not heal spontaneously within three months. The factors that determine it may be as follows: a massive loss of substance, an infection, the presence of foreign bodies, or the clinical conditi...

The most common non-surgical approaches for the treatment of localized hepatocellular carcinoma remain hepatic artery-delivered particles laden with chemotherapy (TACE), or radioactive microparticles (TARE). External beam radiotherapy has been an effective option in many parts of the world for selected HCC patients, but now has an expanded role with stereotactic and proton beam technologies. Th...

We read with interest the paper, "Nonoperative Management of Acute Epidural Hematoma Diagnosed by CT: The Neuroradiologist's Role" (1). The paper focuses on the contribution of neuroradiology in providing information to neurosurgeons about which extracerebral hematomas can be treated nonsurgically. The conclusions are that favorable prognostic features can be identified (small lesion volume, mi...

An increasing number of patients have become aware of the detrimental effects of periodontal disease and tooth-loss and they seek periodontal care. The cornerstone of management of chronic periodontitis is the non-surgical periodontal treatment. The primary goal of periodontal therapy is to preserve the natural dentition by achieving and maintaining a healthy functional periodontium. Many adjun...

BACKGROUND Symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is currently corrected by surgery. However, it is possible that nonsurgical treatment could resolve symptomatic FAI in some patients; thus, uncertainty about the necessity of surgical treatment exists. The current equipoise concerning FAI treatment presents an opportunity to conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of surgical and non...

BACKGROUND Dens fractures are relatively common in the elderly. The treatment of Type-II dens fractures remains controversial. The aim of this multicenter prospective cohort study was to compare outcomes (assessed with use of validated clinical measures) and complications of nonsurgical and surgical treatment of Type-II dens fractures in patients sixty-five years of age or older. METHODS One ...

OBJECTIVES A study was made of the effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment upon blood glucose control in type 2 diabetics with periodontal disease. STUDY DESIGN A pre-post repeated measures analytical design was used, with a PubMed search of the related articles published up until December 2008. RESULTS The improvement in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) after nonsurgical periodontal tre...

AIM To report a case of conservative nonsurgical management of periapical lesions. BACKGROUND Small periapical lesions of endodontic origin usually heal by conventional endodontic therapy alone. Larger periapical lesions presumed to be cystic may require additional treatment protocols to aid in regression. Conservative nonsurgical management of such lesions eliminates the possible complicatio...

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a debilitating condition of the penis that leads to significant pain, erectile dysfunction, and emotional distress in men. PD is likely underreported due to lack of knowledge of the disease and the absence of well-established available treatments. Surgical treatment can lead to sustained improvements, but is often associated with penile shortening and places the patie...