Sink mobility creates new challenges for several sensor network applications. In mobile sink environments, each sink must propagate its current location continuously, through a sensor field, in order to keep all sensor nodes updated with the direction of data forwarding. This method consumes large amounts of energy. Although several protocols, such as DD, TTDD, and SEAD, have been proposed, in ...

Energy awareness is an essential design issue in wireless sensor network. Therefore, attention must be given to the routing protocols since they might differ depending on the application and network architecture. It is desired to design the energy efficient routing protocols to conserve the poser supply of sensor node and prolongs its lifetime. Recently sink mobility has been exploited in numer...

Current research proposes the Scheduling Based Energy Efficient Mobile Node Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. In this work, hybrid network consists of two types of nodes one is static nodes and other are moving nodes. We will consider these mobile nodes as mobile sink. Each static sensor has fixed or low energy. They have limited memory buffer. According the siz...

With the fast development of the Internet, wireless communications has received significant attention. Wireless sensors networks are equipped with tiny, irreplaceable batteries and therefore it is necessary to design energy efficient algorithms to prolong the network lifetime. In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the sink mobility along a constrained path can improve the energy efficiency. Sink ...

In a wireless sensor network where sensors are arranged into a flat topology, sensors near the sink consume much more energy than sensors at the boundary of the network. Sensors near the sink relay many packets than far away sensors to the sink. After these sensors expire, energy holes are created near the sink. Therefore, other sensors cannot reach to the sink and the network becomes disconnec...

In multihop data collection sensor network, nodes near the sink need to relay on remote data and, thus, have much faster energy dissipation rate and suffer from premature death. This phenomenon causes energy hole near the sink, seriously damaging the network performance. In this paper, we first compute energy consumption of each node when sink is set at any point in the network through theoreti...

Over the last decade a large number of routing protocols has been designed for achieving energy efficiency in data collecting wireless sensor networks. The drawbacks of using a static sink are well known. It has been argued in the literature that a mobile sink may improve the energy dissipation compared to a static one. Some authors focus on minimizing Emax, the maximum energy dissipation of an...

In multi-hop wireless sensor networks that are characterized by many-to-one (convergecast) traffic patterns, problems related to energy imbalance among sensors often appear. When the transmission range is fixed for nodes throughout the network, the amount of traffic that sensors are required to forward increases dramatically as the distance to the data sink becomes smaller. Thus, sensors closes...

Sink mobility has been widely used to reduce the energy consumption of sensor nodes, which can prolong the lifetime of nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Researchers found that sink mobility can improve the stability, throughput and lifetime of the very large-scale WSNs. However, sink mobility also causes issues such as data latency and communication overhead. With these properties sink ...