The Tonggou deposit is a porphyry Cu and vein-type Cu-Zn mineralization system located in the Bogda Orogenic Belt, north of Eastern Tianshan. Systematic fluid inclusion analyses were performed on granular quartz from magnetite–quartz stage pyrite–chalcopyrite–quartz mineralization. During early mineralization, ore-forming fluids at high temperatures (450–501 °C) salinity (51.2–55.2 wt.% NaCl eq...

Abstract We report detailed mineralogy and geochemistry of hydrothermal mounds chimneys in the TA25 West vent field (TA25 WVF), a newly discovered magmatic–hydrothermal system Tonga (Tofua) arc. Chimney samples are classified as sulfate- or sulfide-rich, based on major sulfide, sulfosalt, sulfate minerals. The former type represents simple mineral assemblage predominance anhydrite/gypsum + bari...

Vesicomyid clams, vestimentiferans, and some bathymodiolin mussels from hydrothermal vents and cold seeps possess thiotrophic endosymbionts, high levels of hypotaurine and, in tissues with symbionts, thiotaurine. The latter, a product of hypotaurine and sulfide, may store and/or transport sulfide non-toxically, and the ratio to hypotaurine plus thiotaurine (Th/[H+Th]) may reflect an animal's su...

Abstract The western North American Great Basin's Carlin-type deposits represent the largest accumulation of gold in Northern Hemisphere. controversy over their origins echoes debate between Neptunists and Plutonists at birth modern geology: were causative processes meteoric or magmatic? Sulfur isotopes have long been considered key to decoding metal cycling Earth's crust, but previous studies ...

In environments isolated from solar radiation, diverse microbial populations and ecosystems are sustained by the chemical energy supplied from Earth!s interior. The most outstanding example is a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, which discharges enormous amounts of reductive energy in the form of reduced sulfur compounds, H2, CH4, and reduced metals during magma degassing and hydrothermal reactions w...

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, at least 12 genes are important for cells to propagate in medium containing elevated concentrations of copper salts (J. Welch, S. Fogel, C. Buchman, and M. Karin, EMBO J. 8:255-260, 1989). Complementation studies were carried out on a copper-sensitive mutation (cup14) from this group. A new yeast gene, designated SLF1, was identified as a multicopy suppressor of the...

Base metal mineralization at the Baal Gammon and Isabel deposits of Herberton Mineral Field (HMF) is hosted in metamorphosed greywacke beds Hodgkinson Formation, which were intruded by granite, porphyry dykes overlain volcanic rocks Kennedy Igneous Association during Carboniferous Permian. The tin deposit a silicified, chlorite-altered, quartz-feldspar (UNA Porphyry). polymetallic veins hosting...