Bacteria able to produce biosurfactants can use petroleum-based hydrocarbons as a carbon source. Herein, four biosurfactant-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, isolated from oil-contaminated saline soil, were combined to form a bacterial consortium. The inoculation of the consortium to contaminated soil alleviated the adverse effects of salinity on biodegradation and increased the rate of...

The present study investigated the influence of packing material characteristics on the electricity generation performance, treatment efficiency and degradation mechanism of petroleum pollutants over microbial fuel cells (MFCs) using petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW) as fuel. The granule graphite (GG) and granule-activated carbon (GAC) were used to MFCs as packing materials, respectively. GG-...

This article employs cointegration and error-correction modelling to test the causal relationship between real income, exports and human capital stock using data for China over the period 1960 to 1999. We find that real exports, human capital and real income are cointegrated when real exports is the dependent variable, but are not cointegrated when human capital or real income are the dependent...

This paper re-explores the relation between a country’s level of wealth and the mix of products it exports. It shows how a country’s capabilities i.e., its productivity and quality levels in each good, simultaneously determines both the mix of goods it produces and exports, and its level of gdp per capita. In our multi-product general equilibrium setting, the relation between a country’s qualit...