Background: Calcium (Ca+2) plays an important role in many biophysiological mechanisms .The present study was carried out to assess alterations in total serum calcium level before and after operations in consider to the type of anesthesia. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 74 women who candidate for gynecological abdominal operations during one year at Al-z...

BACKGROUND & AIM: Gynecological cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Nonetheless, spinal metastasis from gynecological cancer is scarcely reported in the literature. In cases of spinal cord compression, the standard treatment is a decompressive surgery followed by radiotherapy treatment for selected patients. This study aimed to report the overall survival and surgical re...

BACKGROUND Although anal high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and anal cytological abnormalities are highly prevalent among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM), there are insufficient data on these abnormalities among HIV-infected heterosexual men (HSM) and women. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of anal HR-HPV, cytological abnormal...

BACKGROUND Palpable breast lump, breast pain, and nipple discharge are common symptoms of breast disease. Breast cytology (fine-needle aspiration, nipple discharge smear, and touch preparation) accurately identifies benign, atypical, and malignant pathological changes in breast specimens. This study aims to determine the types of breast lesions diagnosed by breast cytology and assess the clinic...

A total of 117 patients presenting with extrahepatic biliary strictures between 1981 and 1989 had 206 cytological examinations of the bile duct or bile (153 non-operative, 53 intraoperative) to establish the presence of malignancy. A final diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma was made in 88 patients, with 29 patients having benign biliary strictures. The cytological techniques used were fine needle ...

BACKGROUND The presence of autoantibodies (AAbs) is the primary serological indicator of autoimmunity. Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) is associated with AAbs and different types of cancer. The goal of the study was to examine the profile of serum autoantibodies in women with gynecological cancers with and without paraneoplastic visual manifestation. METHODS Retrospective studies of a coh...

  Background & Objectives: Cancer is a serious problem for human being and is becoming a serious problem day-by-day .A prerequisite for any therapeutic modality is early diagnosis. Automated cancer diagnosis by automatic image feature extraction procedures can be used as a feature extraction in the field of fractal dimension. The aim of this survey was to introduce a quantitative and objective...

Objective: the study is aimed to introduce the developing history of gynecology and gynecological nursing in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Study Design: the development of gynecology and gynecological nursing consists of six periods in Chinese history. They are: 1) budding stage represented by the inscriptions of Nü (female) on oracle bones; 2) physiological development stages of women; 3...

Background and Objective: Cutaneous cytology is the study of scraping or smears obtained from skin lesions. Although not commonly employed, cutaneous cytology has been a useful tool for clinicians due to simplified procedures and high sensitivity and specificity of presurgical clinical diagnosis of commo...