We characterize the graphs for which all 2-connected non-bipartite subgraphs have a strongly connected orientation in which each directed circuit has an odd number of edges. We also give a polynomial-time algorithm to find such an orientation in these graphs. Moreover, we give an algorithm that given any orientation of such a graph, determines if it has an even directed circuit. The proofs of t...

The spectral radius of connected non-regular graphs is considered. Let λ1 be the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of a graph G on n vertices with maximum degree ∆. By studying the λ1-extremal graphs, it is proved that if G is non-regular and connected, then ∆− λ1 > ∆+ 1 n(3n+∆− 8) . This improves the recent results by B.L. Liu et al. AMS subject classifications. 05C50, 15A48.

Let G be a connected graph on n vertices, and let D(G) be the distance matrix of G. Let ∂1(G) ≥ ∂2(G) ≥ · · · ≥ ∂n(G) denote the eigenvalues of D(G). In this paper, the connected graphs with ∂n−1(G) at least the smallest root of x3 − 3x2 − 11x− 6 = 0 are determined. Additionally, some non-isomorphic distance cospectral graphs are given.

Let G be a connected non-regular graph with n vertices, maximum degree ∆ and minimum degree δ, and let λ1 be the greatest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of G. In this paper, by studying the Perron vector of G, it is shown that type-I-a graphs and type-I-b (resp. type-II-a) graphs with some specified properties are not λ1-extremal graphs. Moreover, for each connected non-regular graph some l...

We prove that a claw-free, 2-connected graph with fewer than 18 vertices is traceable, and we determine all non-traceable, claw-free, 2-connected graphs with exactly 18 vertices and a minimal number of edges. This complements a result of Matthews on Hamiltonian graphs.

Let G be a connected non-regular graph with n vertices, maximum degree ∆ and minimum degree δ, and let λ1 be the greatest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of G. In this paper, by studying the Perron vector of G, it is shown that type-I-a graphs and type-I-b (resp. type-II-a) graphs with some specified properties are not λ1-extremal graphs. Moreover, for each connected non-regular graph some l...

The vertex-edge Wiener polynomials of a simple connected graph are defined based on the distances between vertices and edges of that graph. The first derivative of these polynomials at one are called the vertex-edge Wiener indices. In this paper, we express some basic properties of the first and second vertex-edge Wiener polynomials of simple connected graphs and compare the first and second ve...

Causal polytrees are singly connected causal models and they are frequently applied in practice. However, in various applications, many variables remain unobserved and causal polytrees cannot be applied without explicitly including unobserved variables. Our study thus proposes the ancestral polytree model, a novel combination of ancestral graphs and singly connected graphs. Ancestral graphs can...

Given a set ξ = {H1,H2, · · ·} of connected non acyclic graphs, a ξ-free graph is one which does not contain any member of ξ as copy. Define the excess of a graph as the difference between its number of edges and its number of vertices. Let Ŵk,ξ be theexponential generating function (EGF for brief) of connected ξ-free graphs of excess equal to k (k ≥ 1). For each fixed ξ, a fundamental differen...