A naïve (unimmunized) human semisynthetic phage display library was employed to isolate recombinant antibody fragments against the cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin-LR. Selected antibody scFv genes were cloned into a soluble expression vector and expressed in Escherichia coli for characterization against purified microcystin-LR by competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ...

Cyanobacteria (blur-green algae) are interest member of a group known as eubacteria, they are photosynthetic prokaryotes, that were originally classified as microalgae and distributed worldwide from polar to equatorial latitudes. They have very specialized cells (heterocyst, Akinetes) that are able to fix nitrogen and serve at high temperature or drought. Synthesis of toxin by many cyanobacteri...

cyanobacteria blooms are common in baltic sea and their intensity have been increased due toanthropogenic eutrophication. in this study we investigated the cyanotoxin levels in the water samplescollected from four different locations in the baltic sea at three different seasons including summer 2011.protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a) inhibition assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) and ...

Analogs of the cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP have been extensively used to mimic or modulate cellular events mediated by protein kinase A (PKA), Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac), or protein kinase G (PKG). We report here that some of the most commonly used cyclic nucleotide analogs inhibit transmembrane transport mediated by the liver specific organic anion transporter pept...

The common occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria causes problems for health of animals and human beings. More research and good monitoring systems are needed to protect water users. It is important to have rapid, reliable and accurate analysis i.e. high throughput methods to identify the toxins as well as toxin producers in the environment. Excellent methods, such as ELISA already exist to analyse ...