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The objective of this study was to assess the changes in transcutaneous oxygen tension in pediatric patients undergoing nitrous oxide-oxygen analgesia. A total of 19 healthy patients, ranging in age from 3 to 19 years with a mean age of 9.8 years, were included. Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring was performed; following stabilization, baseline readings were obtained. Oxygen was delivered at 3 I/...

ADVANCES in the understanding of anesthetic pharmacology and perioperative physiology, coupled with improved patient monitoring, have significantly contributed to improvements in quality of care and perioperative outcome. In this issue of ANESTHESIOLOGY, Samarska et al. describe preclinical research that addresses the anesthetic modulatory effects on the physiologic adaptation to hemorrhagic sh...

The pattern of ventilation was studied in eight greyhounds anaesthetized with halothane in 50% oxygen with nitrogen and in eight with the same concentration of halothane in 50% oxygen with nitrous oxide. There was a significant reduction in both inspiratory and expiratory times in the animals breathing nitrous oxide and an increase in the negative pressures developed in the obstructed airway du...

BACKGROUND Nitrous oxide can cause disordered blood cell proliferation and lead to pancytopenia and altered immune function. CASE REPORT A young pregnant female patient presented after binge nitrous oxide abuse with altered mental status and abnormal vital signs. From her initial assessment she was noted to have pancytopenia and was found to have megaloblastic, hyper-cellular changes in a sub...

This study evaluated and compared the effect of three different sedation combinations on the young dental patient: hydroxyzine alone, hydroxyzine with nitrous oxide, and nitrous oxide alone. Nineteen uncooperative children with mean age of 37 months needing at least three restorative visits were selected for this study. Crying, alertness, and general behavior were evaluated during the dental pr...

Nitrite and nitrous oxide made up 40% of the hypolimnetic dissolved inorganic nitrogen in mesotrophic Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand, prior to hypolimnetic anoxia. Up to 120 mg of N m-3 as nitrite and 20 mg of N m-3 as nitrous oxide accumulated, whereas dissolved-oxygen concentrations remained between 1.0 and 0.2 g m-3 and were totally consumed when the hypolimnion became completely anoxic. Assays o...

IT has long been known that nitrous oxide in clinically relevant doses and durations shuts down single carbon pathways by virtue of oxidation of the cobalamin cofactor of methionine synthase, the sole occupant at the crossroads of the methylation, transsulfuration, and folate cycles. Surprisingly, the clinical consequences of nitrous oxide–mediated, folate–cobalamin cycle inactivation have not ...

Bleomycin, an anti-neoplastic antibiotic, is frequently used in combination with other anti-cancer therapy in the treatment of malignant germ cell tumors and malignant lymphomas, including Hodgkin’s disease. Patients who are receiving or have received bleomycin therapy are at increased risk of developing pulmonary toxicity if administered oxygen, and the resulting interstitial pneumonitis may b...

BACKGROUND A number of studies have demonstrated a faster rate of increase in end-expired partial pressure as a fraction of inspired (Pa/Pi) for volatile agents in the presence of high concentrations of nitrous oxide, consistent with the second gas effect. However, no study has demonstrated a similar effect on arterial blood concentrations. METHODS The authors compared arterial and end-tidal ...