Chloramination for secondary disinfection of drinking water often promotes the growth of nitrifying bacteria in the distribution system due to the ammonia introduced by chloramine formation and decay. This study involved the application of molecular biology techniques to explore the types of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) present in several full-scale chlo...

A facile and green microbial method to produce graphite oxide nanosheets and nanoparticles is described. The obtained graphite oxide nanosheets have few layers with 0.7-1.5 nm height and 50-300 nm size. The carbon nanoparticles possess the size of 20-60 nm and the height of 2-4 nm.

This medium, dispensed in 100-mi amounts in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks, was inoculated with an agar block containing L colonies which had been growing 5 days following 15 passages on a staphylococcal L form maintenance agar (Marston, J. Infectious Diseases, 108, 75-84, 1961). Slight turbidity and a granular sediment developed in the liquid medium in 4 days at 37 C and serial transfer of the sedim...

In a previous study, the two nitrifying functions (ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) or nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB)) of a nitrification reactor—operated continuously over 525 days with varying inputs—were assigned using a mathematical modeling approach together with the monitoring of bacterial phylotypes. Based on these theoretical identifications, we develop here a chemostat model that doe...

Moisture may limit microbial activity in a wide range of environments including salt water, food, wood, biofilms, and soils. Low water availability can inhibit microbial activity by lowering intracellular water potential and thus reducing hydration and activity of enzymes. In solid matrices, low water content may also reduce microbial activity by restricting substrate supply. As pores within so...