China is one the largest maize (Zea mays L.) producer worldwide. Considering water deficit as of most important limiting factors for crop yield stability, remote sensing technology has been successfully used to monitor relations in soil–plant–atmosphere system through canopy and leaf reflectance, contributing better management under precision agriculture practices quantification dynamic traits....

Background: Imaging spectroscopy, the collection of spatially co-registered images in many contiguous spectral bands, has been developed for remote sensing of the Earth utilizing reflectance or luminescence. In this paper we summarize findings on the application of imaging spectroscopy to works of art in order to identify and map artists’ pigments, improve the visualization of preparatory sketc...

Understanding the spectral characteristics of crops in response to stress caused by weeds is a basic step improving precision agricultural technologies that manage field. This research focused on competition between corn (Zea mays) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), common weed strongly reduces yield. The aim this was characterize physiological changes occur during early growth becau...

The Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) is an effective index for snow-cover mapping at large scales, but in forested regions the identification accuracy for snow using the NDSI is low because of forest cover effects. In this study, typical evergreen coniferous forest zones on Qilian Mountain in the Upper Heihe River Basin (UHRB) were chosen as example regions. By analyzing the spectral sig...

Models for determining contents of soy products in ground beef were developed using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Samples were prepared by mixing four kinds of soybean protein products (Arconet, toasted soy grits, Profam and textured vegetable protein (TVP)) with ground beef (content from 0%–100%). NIR spectra of meat mixtures were measured with dispersive (400–2500 nm) and Fourier transfor...

Non-degenerate 2-photon excitation (ND-2PE) of a fluorophore with two laser beams of different photon energies offers an independent degree of freedom in tuning of the photon flux for each beam. This feature takes advantage of the infrared wavelengths used in degenerate 3-photon excitation (D-3PE) microscopy to achieve increased penetration depths, while preserving a relatively high 2-photon ex...

[1] We tested the extent to which the spectral response (0.4–2.5 Mm) of Sphagnum can be used to indicate changes in near-surface hydrological conditions in northern wetlands. Via laboratory experimentation on three typical Sphagnum species we found that: (1) there is a clear link between (a) a ratio of SWIR/NIR reflectance (ETM+ Ch 5/ Ch4) and (b) the relative depth of the water absorbion featu...

The Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (MSPI) is a new type of polarimetric camera jointly designed and fabricated by the University of Arizona and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Developed for aerosol measurements from space, MSPI is well-suited for a variety of Stokes imaging applications from the UV through the Visible, NIR, and SWIR which demand polarimetric precision of better than 0.5% ...

There are high demands for water content estimation in vegetation, e.g. water-stress control for sweet crops, forest disease monitoring and drought monitoring. In this paper, normalized difference-based and ratio-based water stress indices by means of hyperspectral information from NIR to SWIR, spectral ranges of InGaAs sensor, are introduced to facilitate realizing simple measurement system at...

The nitrogen content in plant foliar tissues (foliar N) regulates photosynthetic capacity and has a major impact on global biogeochemical cycles. Despite its importance, robust, time, cost-effective methodology to estimate variation N concentration across globally represented terrestrial systems does not exist. Although advances remote sensing data have enabled landscape-scale predictions, impr...