Nicotine is one of the most addictive drugs known to man, yet it has limited reinforcing effects in humans and non-human animals when it is not self-administered in tobacco products. One hypothesis for these paradoxical effects of nicotine is that the effects of the drug in the brain alter acquisition of incentive learning. The hypothesis for this study is that nicotine will increase the value ...

BACKGROUND/AIM Both maternal nicotine (NIC) exposure and placental insufficiency increase oxidative stress in the fetal kidney ensuing fetal programming of renal diseases in adult life. Their combined effects, however, are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that maternal NIC exposure exacerbates renal oxidative stress and injury in fetuses of pregnant rats with placental insufficiency. MATERIA...

miNI: Minimizing Network Interface Memory Requirements with Dynamic Handle Lookup Reza Azimi Masters of Applied Science Graduate Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 2002 Recent work in low-latency, high-bandwidth communication systems has resulted in building Network Interface Controllers (NIC) and communication abstractions that support direct access from th...

<p><strong>Objetivo:</strong> evaluar la asociación entre ingestión de folatos y vitamina C con neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (nic) en mujeres del servicio displasias Hospital Gineco-Obstetricia 221 imss el Estado México. <strong>Métodos:</strong> se realizó un estudio anidado al proyecto “R-2016-1503-35” 179 sin cervical, para (<span>μg/d)</span> (...

We study the streaming instability of GeV$-100~$GeV cosmic rays (CRs) and its damping in turbulent interstellar medium (ISM). find that is dominated by ion-neutral collisional weakly ionized molecular clouds, highly warm medium, nonlinear Landau Galactic halo. Only halo, speed CRs close to Alfv\'{e}n speed. Alfv\'{e}nic turbulence plays an important role both suppressing regulating diffusion vi...

Denitrification in Thermus thermophilus is encoded by the nitrate respiration conjugative element (NCE) and nitrite and nitric oxide respiration (nic) gene clusters. A tight coordination of each cluster's expression is required to maximize anaerobic growth, and to avoid toxicity by intermediates, especially nitric oxides (NO). Here, we study the control of the nitrite reductases (Nir) and NO re...

Loss of basement membrane (BM) integrity is typically associated with cancer. Nidogen-1 is an essential component of the BM. Nidogen-1 is a substrate for cathepsin-S (CatS) which is released into the tumor microenvironment. Measuring nidogen-1 degraded by CatS may therefore have biomarker potential in cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate if CatS-degraded nidogen-1 was detectable in ...

INTRODUCTION Nicotine has long been recognized as a necessary but insufficient component of tobacco cigarettes to maintain a psychophysiological need to smoke. This study examined venous plasma concentrations effects of nicotine in cigarette smoking after overnight abstinence to release striatal dopamine (DA). METHODS Twenty-two male smokers smoked either denicotinized (denic) or average nico...

Dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel blockers (CCBs) have been widely used to treat of several cardiovascular diseases. An excessive shortening of action potential duration (APD) due to the reduction of Ca(2+) channel current (I Ca) might increase the risk of arrhythmia. In this study we investigated the electrophysiological effects of nicardipine (NIC), isradipine (ISR), and amlodipine (AML) ...