The rapid introduction of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) into the retail/distribution sector of the electric power system has raised questions concerning both the economics and control of the power system. This paper presents one market paradigm that builds upon extension of the logic of Locational Marginal Pricing into the distribution level arguing that this extension is necessary if ther...

Natural products as pesticides have been reviewed from several perspectives in the past, but no prior treatment has examined the impact of natural product and natural product-based pesticides on the U.S. market, as a function of new active ingredient registrations with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Thus, EPA registration details of new active ingredients for all conventional pestic...

Selling new food products is seldom easy. Of those conceived by the food industry in any year the proportion which are finally found acceptable by the public in terms of the only true criteria of success, namely continuous purchase, is relatively small. But when we turn to products conceived and marketed under the auspices of the international agencies and of the philanthropic bodies of the wor...

BACKGROUND There is little information about smokers who tried potentially reduced exposure products (PREPs) (Eclipse, Omni, Advance Lights, Accord, or Ariva), why they tried them, if they liked these products, and if they will continue to use them. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this qualitative study were to understand: (1) how smokers who tried PREPs learned about them, (2) reasons for first...

Public interest in substances with marine origin is very recent in comparison to that of terrestrial plants that dates back to our origins as nomadic hunter-gatherers. Our ancestors made the distinction between edible plants some of which they eventually cultivated as humans became sedentary and toxic substances that could serve as remedies once properly prepared and administered during special...

Prior to a new product launch, marketers need to infer how demand will respond to various levels of marketing mix variables in order to set an appropriate marketing plan. A critical challenge in estimating marketing mix responsiveness from historical data is that the observed decisions were affected by private information possessed by managers about the heterogeneous effects of marketing mix va...

The European Commission has recently updated an important guidance document on determining whether or not a medical product is subject to medical device or medicinal product regulations. In addition, a new manual that provides practical examples has also been issued. This article discusses these documents.

A surplus of glycerol production due to several reasons has initiated investigation of several routes of oxidative glycerol upgrading. Among the reaction products are substances such as dihydroxyacetone and several acids from oxidative upgrading of glycerol. Several routes of chemical oxidation and electrochemical oxidation have been published in literature. The ongoing project has focused on t...

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