Heterogeneity between urban structure and the requirements of the population has given way to cultural and social problems which are sometimes insurmountable in a way that the range of social, economic, and cultural changes has extended to political domains. The absence of a management and planning system and of a democratic supervision, in a centralized one-way approach, affects planning and s...

learning a second or foreign language requires the manipulation of four main skills, namely, listening, reading, speaking, and writing which lead to effective communication. it is obvious that vocabulary is an indispensible part of any communication, so without a vocabulary, no meaningful communication can take place and meaningful communication relies heavily on vocabulary. one fundamental fac...

as the canon is shaped by white male standards rewriting the canonical works of literature is one of the ways through which postcolonial writers subvert the authority of the masters. writing in the language of the masters the colonized writers use the very suppressive tool in the hands of the masters i.e. their language to question the validity of their norms. regarded by most critics to be the...

due to extraordinary large amount of information and daily sharp increasing claimant for ui benefits and because of serious constraint of financial barriers, the importance of handling fraud detection in order to discover, control and predict fraudulent claims is inevitable. we use the most appropriate data mining methodology, methods, techniques and tools to extract knowledge or insights from ...

bserved by many teachers that most of the time, mumbling and searching for their intended words, students complain why they have forgotten the words they have learned in the previous semesters. they ask for some new ways that may help them to recall and apply the learned words more efficiently, since as they declare one of the most important skills in foreign language learning is having a g...

By studying the evolution history of budgeting systems, you may discern three stages: In the first stage, controlling role of budget is regarded its major function. In the second stage, budget is considered as a means for management improvement. In the third stage, the role of budget is considered in economic planning, implementation of programs and government performance management. After Wor...

Development of an optimized strategy for the maintenance of Iranian railway track maintenance in a form of management system was made in this research. Through reviewing the current maintenance management system in the USA, Europe and Asia as well as investigating the characteristics of railway structure and current maintenance approaches in Iran, a new algorithm was made in order to improve ef...