Powell consider the possibility of a micro-sociological supplement to the macro-sociological focus on structure, order, and persistence that has so far dominated research and theory in the new institutionalism. Searching for some answers, they analyze transformations in sociological theory since Parson's theory of action that offer alternatives to the Parsonian emphasis on norms and roles. They...

This paper surveys recent literature on the design of international institutions and applies the insights from it to the prospects for regional economic cooperation in the AsiaPacific. The political and economic heterogeneity of the region has served the process of regional economic integration. But this heterogeneity has limited the extent of institutional development and contributed to well-k...

Abstract This article has two major inter-connected objectives about the ascendancy of informal international institutions on a global basis. The first objective is to highlight extended scope this phenomenon. second evaluates how mainstream International Relations (IR) literature treated cascading wave institutions. With expansion in mind, focus critical evaluation rationalist institutionalist...

Because of the limited capacity of coastal lands and conflicting interests among stakeholders for coastal resources, there are intensifying pressures to retain and provide more public access to the coast. Coastal gated communities have been developed increasingly in the middle shoreline of Caspian Sea in North of Iran. They are kind of exclusive space production as they restrict public access t...

Political theory and research approaches are in most cases not explicit in all respects, but are usually shaped by implicit background theories and scientific worldviews, e.g. presuppositions and par adigms. Examples are idealism, materialism or institutionalism. A fairly new perspective in this regard is relationalism. This way of thinking, in its ontological orientation, conceives the world o...